Astronomy at St Andrews 2021 - 2024

圣安德鲁斯 天文学 2021 - 2024

• 批准号: ST/V000861/1
• 负责人: Anne-Marie Weijmans
• 金额: $ 258.34万
• 依托单位: University of St Andrews
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV000861%2F1
• 关键词: Astronomy; St; Andrews; 2021; 2024

The St Andrews astronomy group is interested in questions of origins: where do galaxies, stars and planets come from, and what fundamental physics explains their formation? How widespread is life and how did it arise on Earth and on other worlds? We are world leaders in solving intricate mathematical problems, and we use novel methods such as observations at very high precision and simulations with super computers. We are joined by other groups across Scotland via the Scottish Universities Physics Alliance (SUPA), and internationally, in searching for hot and cool Earth-sized planets, homing in on habitable worlds where life could exist, and developing ways to detect life on those distant worlds.Our investigations span a wide range of size scales, from discovering planetary systems around stars a few light years away to measuring the force of gravity acting on the whole universe. We discover hot extra-solar planets by using robotic wide-angle cameras and NASA's TESS space telescope to monitor thousands of stars and find those that briefly dim each time an orbiting planet passes in front of its parent star. We measure accuratesizes for these planets by observing the transit light curves using ESA's CHEOPS space telescope, and determine the planet massesusing the high-precision HARPS spectrographs to measure how much the orbiting planet wobbles its host star. We discover cooler and smaller more Earth-like planets by using a global network of robotic telescopes to watch gravitational lenses, exploiting Einstein's prediction that a planet drifting across the sightline to a distant background star bends its light. We learn about how planets form by studying the light from the gas and dust grains that accumulate to form planets, comparing with our computer simulations to understand the chemistry may lead to formation of biological molecules.Young stars have strong magnetic fields that interact with orbiting planets and their own magnetic fields. We study the signatures of thisinteraction to understand how planets form and evolve. We investigate the physics of mineral clouds and lightning in the atmospheres of cool brown dwarf stars and extrasolar planets, processes that may play a role in the origin of life. We compare observations and computer simulations to study how stars form in galaxies and how feedback from young stars drives a dynamic, bubbling interstellar medium, the dusty gas from which new stars are born. We include energetic supernova explosions when massive stars die and the ionising radiation from massive stars that heats the gas in the galaxy to temperatures above than 10,000 degrees Centigrade.On galaxy and cosmological scales, we measure how gas and stars move within galaxies to study how galaxies form their characteristic shapes of flat discs, spiral arms and central bulges, and how these change as galaxies collide and merge to grow larger elliptical galaxies. We study the supermassive black holes that lurk in galaxy cores, to understand how they form and grow, and how their huge output of energy and radiation affects the host galaxy evolution. We study how gravity works both within galaxies and across the wider universe. Stars orbit in galaxies so fast that there appears to be too little mass to hold galaxies together, and our expanding universe appears to be accelerating. We understand gravity well enough to send space probes to other planets, but to understand these larger scale puzzles we investigate alternatives to current ideas of Dark Matter and Dark Energy, comparing our predictions with observations to test how gravity works.

圣安德鲁斯天文学小组对起源问题感兴趣：星系，星星和行星从何而来，什么基本物理学解释了它们的形成？生命是多么普遍，它是如何在地球和其他世界上产生的？我们是解决复杂的数学问题的世界领导者，我们使用新颖的方法，例如非常高的观察和超级计算机的模拟。苏格兰各地的其他团体通过苏格兰大学物理联盟（SUPA）和国际上，在寻找居住生活的可居住世界中寻找居住的居住世界，并在那些遥远的世界上发现生活。我们通过使用机器人广角摄像机和NASA的苔丝太空望远镜来监视数千颗恒星，并发现每次绕行的行星在其父恒星前都经过时，我们发现那些短暂变暗的恒星。我们通过使用ESA的Cheops太空望远镜观察过境光曲线来测量这些行星的精确度，并确定行星大量的高精度竖琴光谱仪，以测量轨道行星的宿主恒星摇摆多少。我们通过使用全球机器人望远镜网络来观看引力镜片，发现了较酷的地球状行星，并利用了爱因斯坦的预测，即爱因斯坦在视线上漂流到遥远的背景恒星弯曲了光线。我们通过研究从积累形成行星的气体和尘埃晶粒中研究行星如何形成的行星，与计算机模拟相比，了解化学可能会导致生物分子的形成。Young恒星具有与轨道行星及其自身磁场相互作用的强磁场。我们研究了这种互动的签名，以了解行星的形成和发展方式。我们研究了凉爽的棕色矮星和极性行星大气中矿物云和闪电的物理学，这些过程可能在生命的起源中发挥作用。我们比较观察结果和计算机模拟，以研究星系中的恒星如何形成，以及来自年轻恒星的反馈如何驱动动态的，起泡的星际介质，这是新恒星诞生的尘土飞扬的气体。 We include energetic supernova explosions when massive stars die and the ionising radiation from massive stars that heats the gas in the galaxy to temperatures above than 10,000 degrees Centigrade.On galaxy and cosmological scales, we measure how gas and stars move within galaxies to study how galaxies form their characteristic shapes of flat discs, spiral arms and central bulges, and how these change as galaxies collide and merge to grow larger椭圆星系。我们研究潜伏在银河系中的超级质量黑洞，以了解它们的形成和成长以及它们的巨大能量和辐射产量如何影响宿主星系的进化。我们研究重力如何在星系内和整个更广泛的宇宙中起作用。星系中的恒星轨道如此之快，以至于质量似乎太小，无法将星系齐聚在一起，而我们扩展的宇宙似乎正在加速。我们足够了解重力，可以将太空探针发送到其他行星，但是要了解这些较大的难题，我们研究了当前的暗物质和暗能量思想的替代方案，将我们的预测与观察结果进行比较以测试重力的工作原理。

项目成果

Early Release Science of the exoplanet WASP-39b with JWST NIRCam.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05590-4
• 发表时间: 2023-03
• 期刊: NATURE
• 影响因子: 64.8
• 作者: Ahrer, Eva-Maria;Stevenson, Kevin B.;Mansfield, Megan;Moran, Sarah E.;Brande, Jonathan;Morello, Giuseppe;Murray, Catriona A.;Nikolov, Nikolay K.;de la Roche, Dominique J. M. Petit Dit;Schlawin, Everett;Wheatley, Peter J.;Zieba, Sebastian;Batalha, Natasha E.;Damiano, Mario;Goyal, Jayesh M.;Lendl, Monika;Lothringer, Joshua D.;Mukherjee, Sagnick;Ohno, Kazumasa;Batalha, Natalie M.;Battley, Matthew P.;Bean, Jacob L.;Beatty, Thomas G.;Benneke, Bjorn;Berta-Thompson, Zachory K.;Carter, Aarynn L.;Cubillos, Patricio E.;Daylan, Tansu;Espinoza, Nestor;Gao, Peter;Gibson, Neale P.;Gill, Samuel;Harrington, Joseph;Hu, Renyu;Kreidberg, Laura;Lewis, Nikole K.;Line, Michael R.;Lopez-Morales, Mercedes;Parmentier, Vivien;Powell, Diana K.;Sing, David K.;Tsai, Shang-Min;Wakeford, Hannah R.;Welbanks, Luis;Alam, Munazza K.;Alderson, Lili;Allen, Natalie H.;Anderson, David R.;Barstow, Joanna K.;Bayliss, Daniel;Bell, Taylor J.;Blecic, Jasmina;Bryant, Edward M.;Burleigh, Matthew R.;Carone, Ludmila;Casewell, S. L.;Changeat, Quentin;Chubb, Katy L.;Crossfield, Ian J. M.;Crouzet, Nicolas;Decin, Leen;Desert, Jean-Michel;Feinstein, Adina D.;Flagg, Laura;Fortney, Jonathan J.;Gizis, John E.;Heng, Kevin;Iro, Nicolas;Kempton, Eliza M. -R.;Kendrew, Sarah;Kirk, James;Knutson, Heather A.;Komacek, Thaddeus D.;Lagage, Pierre-Olivier;Leconte, Jeremy;Lustig-Yaeger, Jacob;MacDonald, Ryan J.;Mancini, Luigi;May, E. M.;Mayne, N. J.;Miguel, Yamila;Mikal-Evans, Thomas;Molaverdikhani, Karan;Palle, Enric;Piaulet, Caroline;Rackham, Benjamin V.;Redfield, Seth;Rogers, Laura K.;Roy, Pierre-Alexis;Rustamkulov, Zafar;Shkolnik, Evgenya L.;Sotzen, Kristin S.;Taylor, Jake;Tremblin, P.;Tucker, Gregory S.;Turner, Jake D.;de Val-Borro, Miguel;Venot, Olivia;Zhang, Xi
• 通讯作者: Zhang, Xi

The El Gordo Galaxy Cluster Challenges ?CDM for Any Plausible Collision Velocity

埃尔戈多星系团挑战任何可能的碰撞速度的 CDM

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ace62a
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: Asencio E

Sub-m s-1 upper limits from a deep HARPS-N radial-velocity search for planets orbiting HD 166620 and HD 144579

对围绕 HD 166620 和 HD 144579 运行的行星进行深度 HARPS-N 径向速度搜索的 Sub-m s-1 上限

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stad2381
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Anna John A

Cross-sections for heavy atmospheres: H 2 O self-broadening

适用于重气氛的横截面：H 2 O 自展宽

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jqsrt.2022.108146
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer
• 影响因子: 2.3
• 作者: Anisman L

The distribution and morphologies of Fornax Cluster dwarf galaxies suggest they lack dark matter

• DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stac1765
• 发表时间: 2022-06
• 期刊: Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
• 影响因子: 4.8
• 作者: Elena Asencio;I. Banik;S. Mieske;A. Venhola;P. Kroupa;HongSheng Zhao