Research in Astrophysics at The University of Bristol

布里斯托大学天体物理学研究

基本信息

批准号：
ST/V000454/1
负责人：
Malcolm Bremer
金额：
$ 149.63万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
未结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FV000454%2F1
关键词：
Research Astrophysics University Bristol

项目摘要

This proposal is for a grant to researchers in astrophysics at the University of Bristol.Much recent cosmology has been based on investigations of galaxy clusters. The first project will make reliable measurements of cluster masses and other parameters. This involves statistically rigorous investigations of cluster samples drawn from X-ray sky surveys - the hot gas in the clusters shines in X-rays. The clusters span a wide mass range and are seen over half the age of the Universe, so we take into account their evolution over time.Massive galaxies within current-day clusters have very old stellar populations. They finished forming their stars in the first few billion years after the big bang, unlike most galaxies outside clusters. Understanding details of their formation is crucial to understanding their nature. Our second project will identify and study galaxies in proto-clusters (progenitors of today's clusters) as they form their stars, building a picture of the inter-related evolution of clusters and their galaxies.A third project explores the physics of matter falling into black holes. It will determine how X-ray observations can reliably measure the black hole mass, spin rate, and geometry of the environment close to the black hole. Galaxies and their central black holes grow together, so reliable measurements of black hole mass and spin rates can test models of galaxy evolution. Observing the close environment of super-massive black holes is both intrinsically interesting, and is a key goal for the next generation of X-ray satellites such as the ESA's Athena observatory.A fourth project looks at how tiny regions in the centres of individual galaxies, near central black holes, affect gas on the large scale - by stopping cooling of the atmospheres of galaxy clusters, and by making the atmospheres more magnetic over time. A feedback process, in which cluster gas is reheated by the ejection of very hot, fast, gas from the regions near black holes is involved, at least in one heating mode. Having identified the sources responsible for this heating, we now want to understand how the process works.The fifth project involves maintenance and improvement of the TOPCAT software, a catalogue and data manipulation tool used world-wide and of great importance to many astronomers in their interactions with data sets of increasing size and complexity and which is now finding creative uses well beyond astronomy. The project will also contribute to the critical international Virtual Observatory framework that enables remote data access for TOPCAT and other software and interoperability between them.A sixth project will use in-hand HST and guaranteed JWST observations of a transiting giant exoplanet to characterise the chemical makeup, dynamics, and evolution through measurements of its atmospheric transmission and emission in unprecedented detail. We will use these observations to develop new data analysis pipelines for JWST to produce the most complete dataset for a single exoplanet atmosphere. Two further projects explore exoplanets from a theoretical perspective. Project seven investigates the nature of the gas/dust disks around young stars in which planets form. As young pieces of planets collide and assemble into larger planets they can destroy one another. Some disks around young stars may show evidence of this destructive side of planet formation. We will carry out computer calculations to interpret extreme examples of dusty disks to see if they evolve through giant impacts between young planets.The final project is a theoretical study into polar vortices in the atmospheres of planets around other stars and how they may affect their habitability. When combined with JWST observations, it will result in a detailed model of the atmosphere of TRAPPIST-1e, an Earth-sized exoplanet orbiting in its star's habitable zone.

该建议是向布里斯托尔大学（University of Bristol）的天体物理学研究人员提供赠款。第一个项目将对群集质量和其他参数进行可靠的测量。这涉及对X射线天空调查绘制的群集样品进行统计严格的研究 - 簇中的热气在X射线射线中闪耀。群集的质量范围很广，并且被视为宇宙年龄的一半以上，因此我们考虑了它们的演变。大爆炸后的头几十亿年，他们完成了明星，这与大多数星系集群外的星系不同。了解其形成的细节对于理解其本质至关重要。我们的第二个项目将识别和研究原始群体（当今簇的祖细胞）中的星系，它们形成恒星，建立簇相关演变及其星系相关的图片。第三个项目探索物质物理学落入黑洞中。它将决定X射线观测如何可靠地测量靠近黑洞的环境的黑洞质量，自旋速率和几何形状。星系及其中央黑洞共同生长，因此对黑洞质量和自旋速率的可靠测量可以测试星系进化的模型。观察超大质黑孔的近距离环境都具有内在的有趣，并且是下一代X射线卫星（例如ESA的雅典娜天文台）的关键目标。第四个项目着眼于单个星系中心的微小区域，靠近中央黑孔的小区域如何通过大规模的气体来影响大规模的气体 - 通过使整个气氛变得更加稳定，并在大规模的气氛中影响了整个气氛，并在整个气氛中，并在整个气氛中播放了整个气氛。一个反馈过程，其中涉及到黑洞附近地区的非常热，快速的气体将簇气体重新加热，至少在一种加热模式下。确定了负责此供暖的资源后，我们现在想了解该过程的工作原理。第五个项目涉及维护和改进TopCat软件，目录和数据操纵工具在全球范围内使用的目录和数据操纵工具，对于许多天文学家来说，与他们与增加规模和复杂性的数据集相互作用，并且现在发现创造性的用途超越了天文学。该项目还将有助于关键的国际虚拟天文台框架，该框架可以使TopCat和其他软件的远程数据访问以及它们之间的互操作性访问。第六个项目将使用HST，并保证JWST的观察值，以通过测量其大气上的传输和精加工细节来表征化学构成，动力学，并通过测量化学构成，动力学和进化。我们将使用这些观察结果为JWST开发新的数据分析管道，以生成单个系外行星氛围的最完整数据集。另外两个项目从理论的角度探索了系外行星。第七项目调查了行星形成的年轻恒星周围的气体/尘埃盘的性质。随着年轻的行星碰撞并聚集成更大的行星，他们可以互相摧毁。围绕年轻恒星的一些磁盘可能会显示出地球形成这种破坏性一面的证据。我们将进行计算机计算，以解释尘土盘的极端例子，以查看它们是否通过年轻行星之间的巨大影响而发展。最终项目是对其他恒星围绕星球大气的极地涡流的理论研究，以及它们如何影响其居住性。当与JWST的观察结合使用时，它将导致一个详细的模型Trappist-1E的大气，这是其恒星宜居区域中轨道上的地球大小的系外行星。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The XXL Survey L. Active galactic nucleus contamination in galaxy clusters: Detection and cosmological impact

XXL 调查 L. 星系团中活跃的星系核污染：检测和宇宙学影响

DOI：
10.1051/0004-6361/202244898
发表时间：
2023
期刊：
Astronomy & Astrophysics
影响因子：
6.5
作者：
Bhargava S
通讯作者：
Bhargava S

A panchromatic view of infrared quasars: excess star formation and radio emission in the most heavily obscured systems

红外类星体的全色视图：在最严重遮挡的系统中过量的恒星形成和射电发射

DOI：
10.1093/mnras/stac2800
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society
影响因子：
4.8
作者：
Andonie C
通讯作者：
Andonie C

Importance of Sample Selection in Exoplanet-atmosphere Population Studies

DOI：
10.3847/1538-3881/ac9f45
发表时间：
2022-11
期刊：
The Astronomical Journal
影响因子：
0
作者：
N. Batalha;A. Wolfgang;J. Teske;M. Alam;L. Alderson;N. Batalha;M. López-Morales;H. Wakeford
通讯作者：
N. Batalha;A. Wolfgang;J. Teske;M. Alam;L. Alderson;N. Batalha;M. López-Morales;H. Wakeford

CHEX-MATE: Constraining the origin of the scatter in galaxy cluster radial X-ray surface brightness profiles

CHEX-MATE：约束星系团径向 X 射线表面亮度剖面中的散射起源