Getting a flavour for New Physics with precision measurements of tree-level beauty decays

通过精确测量树级美丽衰减来体验新物理学

基本信息

批准号：
ST/R004536/1
负责人：
Matthew Kenzie
金额：
$ 59.3万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2019
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2019 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FR004536%2F1
关键词：
Getting flavour New Physics precision

项目摘要

Elementary particle physics has an incredibly successful underlying theoretical framework known as the Standard Model which has produced a succession of successful predictions and subsequent discoveries in recent decades. This culminated in the discovery of the Higgs Boson in 2012, which was the last missing piece of the Standard Model. However, there are still a multitude of observed phenomena which the Standard Model cannot explain and the focus of this research is understanding the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the universe. In the hot early universe matter and antimatter should have been created in equal amounts; this is the simple conversion of energy into matter via Einstein's famous equation, E=mc^2. Once the universe cooled the matter and antimatter would have "annihlated" to leave behind an abundance of electromagnetic radiation. This electromagnetic radiation we see today as the cosmic microwave background, the static seen on an untuned televsion. However, there is clearly an imbalance as we also see large amounts of matter, which make up the stars, galaxies and ourselves whilst no antimatter is left at all. We can understand some part of this as being due to charge-parity symmetry (that which relates matter to antimatter) being broken. In the intial stages of matter-antimatter creation charge-parity violation results in a small excess of matter, which goes on to make up the observable universe of today, after the majority annihilates with the antimatter to leave behind the electromagnetic radiation still echoing around the universe. The problem is that the amount of charge-parity violation predicted by the theoretical framework underlying our understanding of elementary particle physics is nowhere near enough (a factor several billion off) to account for the observed matter to electromagnetic radiation ratio of the universe. This project uses data from the Large Hadron Collider to look for new fundamental physics particles which can help to explain the matter-antimatter discrepancy. By analysing millions of matter and antimatter decays produced at the LHCb experiment we can observe the subtle differences between them. The parameters we determine in this project are of particular interest because they can be measured completely independently of any input from the theoretical framework, i.e. independently of any prior knowledge. We can then use these parameters to prove the existence, and predict the behaviour, of new fundamental physics particles which explain why we live in a matter dominated universe and hence why we have atoms, molecules and life itself.

基本粒子物理学具有令人难以置信的成功理论框架，称为标准模型，该框架在近几十年来产生了一系列成功的预测和随后的发现。这最终在2012年发现了希格斯玻色子（Higgs Boson），这是标准模型的最后一部分。但是，标准模型无法解释的许多观察到的现象，这项研究的重点是了解宇宙的物质 - 抗焦点不对称。在炎热的早期宇宙中，应该以相等的数量创建反物质；这是通过爱因斯坦著名方程式E = MC^2将能量转化为物质的简单转化。一旦宇宙冷却了物质，反物质就会“被宣传”留下大量的电磁辐射。我们今天将这种电磁辐射视为宇宙微波背景，这是在未调节的电视上看到的静态。但是，显然存在不平衡，因为我们也看到大量物质构成了星星，星系和我们自己，而根本没有反物质。我们可以理解其中的一部分是由于电荷 - 对称对称性（与反物质有关）被打破。在物质 - 抗抗焦剂创造违规的物质阶段，违反违规的物质导致物质过多，这继续构成了当今可观察到的宇宙，此前大多数人歼灭了反物质，将电磁辐射留在了宇宙周围的电磁辐射。问题在于，我们对基本粒子物理学理解的理论框架所预测的电荷违规量远未达到足够的距离（这是数十亿个折扣），无法说明宇宙的电磁辐射比。该项目使用来自大型强子对撞机的数据来寻找新的基本物理粒子，这些粒子可以帮助解释物质 - 抗逆性差异。通过分析LHCB实验中产生的数百万物质和反物质衰变，我们可以观察到它们之间的细微差异。我们在该项目中确定的参数特别值得关注，因为它们可以完全独立于理论框架中的任何输入（即独立于任何先验知识）中进行测量。然后，我们可以使用这些参数来证明新基本物理粒子的存在，并预测其行为，这些物理粒子解释了我们为什么生活在宇宙中，因此为什么我们拥有原子，分子和生命本身。