Lancaster University: Observational Astrophysics PATT grant

兰卡斯特大学：观测天体物理学 PATT 资助

• 批准号: ST/P001165/1
• 负责人: David Sobral
• 金额: $ 2.58万
• 依托单位: Lancaster University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP001165%2F1
• 关键词: Lancaster; University; Observational; Astrophysics; PATT

Astrophysics is the study of the physical nature of celestial objects and the Universe in which they live. The Astrophysics group at Lancaster has been set up recently (in 2015) within the Physics Department, complementing the existing Astro-particle Cosmology and Space and Planetary Physics groups. The new group's research is primarily observational and tackles some of the most important open questions in Astrophysics, broadly centred around understanding the formation and evolution of galaxies and the properties of the Universe itself. The group's research on galaxies includes detailed measurement of the stellar populations within relatively nearby galaxies and star clusters ("galactic archaeology") through to searches for the most distant galaxies observable. Through these studies we can probe the earliest systems that formed in the Universe. Related research on the properties of the Universe includes measuring cosmological parameters such as the expansion rate and geometry of the Universe, and the relative fractions and properties of its constituents, including ordinary matter and the mysterious dark matter and dark energy.This research involves making state-of-the-art observations using the world's most powerful telescopes such as the Hubble Space Telescope and the facilities of the European Southern Observatory, including ALMA and VLT. At the same time the group is involved in the scientific planning for several new telescopes and instruments that will come online in the next 5-10 years and that will revolutionise research in astrophysics. These include the 4MOST spectrograph to be mounted on the VISTA telescope, the Large Synoptic Survey Telescope (an 8m diameter survey telescope), the 40m European Extremely Large Telescope and in space ESA's Euclid mission (a wide-field survey telescope for cosmology), ESA's FLARE mission, and the 6m diameter James Webb Space Telescope.The main topics of research at Lancaster are:- chemical abundances of stars, globular clusters and galaxies; dynamics and morphologies of near-by galaxies;- galaxy formation and evolution; emission-line galaxies; very high-redshift galaxies; reionisation of the universe; the star formation history of the Universe;- supernovae as cosmological probes; cosmological parameters; dark matter and dark energy;- scientific planning for future telescopes and instruments.In this proposal we are applying for a new PATT grant to support our new Observational Astrophysics group. The grant will cover the travel and subsistence costs of all researchers at Lancaster for observing runs at PATT approved telescopes.

天体物理学是对天体物体及其居住宇宙的物理性质的研究。兰开斯特（Lancaster）的天体物理小组最近（2015年）在物理部门内成立，并补充了现有的天文粒子宇宙学，太空和行星物理组。新小组的研究主要是观察性的，并解决了天体物理学中一些最重要的开放问题，围绕理解星系的形成和发展以及宇宙本身的特性。该小组对星系的研究包括对附近星系和星形群（“银河考古学”）中恒星种群的详细测量，以搜索可观察到的最遥远的星系。通过这些研究，我们可以探测宇宙中最早的系统。有关宇宙特性的相关研究包括测量宇宙学参数，例如宇宙的膨胀率和几何形状，以及其成分的相对部分和特性，包括普通物质，神秘的暗物质和暗色和暗能量。这项研究涉及使用世界上最强大的远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程触发的观察，这些研究涉及到范围内的远处和远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程远程图像。 VLT。同时，该小组参与了几种新望远镜和工具的科学规划，这些望远镜和工具将在未来5 - 10年内上线，这将彻底改变天体物理学的研究。其中包括要安装在Vista望远镜上的最大光谱仪，大型的敏感调查望远镜（直径8m的调查望远镜），4000万欧洲的40m欧洲极大的望远镜以及太空ESA的Euclid Mission（Cosmology for Cosmology for Cosmology），ESA的Flare Missions和6m James webthe telesce telesces telescess intery telescess。为： - 恒星，球状簇和星系的化学丰富性；近乎星系的动力学和形态； - 星系形成和进化；排放线星系；非常高红移星系；宇宙的回离；宇宙的恒星形成历史； - 超新星作为宇宙学探针；宇宙参数；暗物质和深色能源； - 对未来望远镜和工具的科学规划。在此提案中，我们正在申请新的Patt赠款，以支持我们的新观察天体物理学组。该赠款将涵盖兰开斯特所有研究人员在Patt批准的望远镜上观察跑步的旅行和生存费用。