Theoretical Studies of Elementary Particles

基本粒子的理论研究

• 批准号: ST/P000770/1
• 负责人: Subir Sarkar
• 金额: $ 91.94万
• 依托单位: University of Oxford
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP000770%2F1
• 关键词: Theoretical; Studies; Elementary; Particles

Our ultimate aim is to understand the nature of matter and the most basic processes that drive the universe. One of the most intriguing features of our universe is that we seem to be able to describe much of what happens very well 'theoretically' - using a a set of laws that are written down in the form of a mathematical 'model'. Isaac Newton showed this could be done with objects visible to the naked eye and modern day theorists continue the tradition for particles that have to be created by extreme events, be they cosmic or terrestrial at accelerators like the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) at CERN. The proposed research will address today's major issues in particle theory.The first part of our proposal is to improve predictions of the effects of the strong interactions (QCD) that dominate the production of particles in collisions at the LHC. These collisions create showers of large numbers of known particles which have to be filtered out so that the rare events indicating the presence of a new particle become visible. The discovery of the Higgs boson depended on such calculations; the discovery of further new particles, and the efficient analysis of their properties, will depend on doing those calculations to even higher precision.The Standard Model of the strong, weak and electromagnetic interactions describes most of particle physics with exquisite precision but it has defects. It does not explain dark matter, why the weak interaction scale is relatively light or why there are three generations of quarks and leptons, and it does not contain gravity. Our research will explore models that might remedy these defects and determine what experimental tests would be sensitive to the new 'beyond the Standard Model (BSM)' physics they predict. We will examine supersymmetric field theories, and models with additional space dimensions, to establish whether they contain viable candidates for dark matter without introducing other new physics incompatible with experiment. Superstring theories are a promising candidate for unifying the Standard Model with gravity. However generally they contain an abundance of particles not observed in nature; we will continue our programme to find those consistent with the Standard Model and for the first time calculate the Yukawa couplings that are needed for detailed comparison of light particle masses with experiment. The LHC is also used to collide heavy ions producing a quark-gluon plasma. Understanding the features of this new state of matter is challenging. It reaches thermal equilibrium very quickly and affects non-trivially the behaviour of energetic particles passing through it. The so-called gauge-string duality technique can attack some of these problems but does not apply strictly to real QCD. We propose to develop a composite description that combines this method with other techniques to understand the properties of the real quark-gluon plasma.Extensions of the Standard Model usually contain new particles that cannot be detected directly at the LHC but affect astrophysical and cosmological processes such as inflation and the generation of primordial gravitational waves. An example is the so-called ALP which arises naturally in most string theories and whose presence would be seen in astrophysical X-ray data. An important part of our proposal is to establish in detail the signals from such physics so that we can optimize strategies for detecting them in observational data. In contrast quantum gravity is not yet sufficiently well understood to tension theory against measurement so we will develop methods of computing the large scale properties of the universes in models such as causal dynamical triangulations to determine whether they are plausible candidates to describe quantum gravity.

我们的最终目的是了解物质的本质和驱动宇宙的最基本过程。我们宇宙最吸引人的特征之一是，我们似乎能够使用一组以数学“模型”的形式写下的一组法律来描述很多事情“理论上”。艾萨克·牛顿（Isaac Newton）表明，这可以用肉眼可见的物体来完成，现代理论家继续对必须由极端事件创造的颗粒的传统，无论是宇宙还是陆地，例如在塞恩（Cern）的大型强子碰撞器（LHC）等加速器。拟议的研究将解决当今粒子理论中的主要问题。我们的提案的第一部分是改善对LHC碰撞中粒子产生的强相互作用（QCD）的影响的预测。这些碰撞会产生大量已知颗粒的阵阵阵阵，这些颗粒必须被过滤掉，以使表明存在新粒子的罕见事件变得可见。希格斯玻色子的发现取决于这种计算；进一步的新粒子的发现以及对其性质的有效分析将取决于将这些计算做出更高的精度。强，弱和电磁相互作用的标准模型描述了具有精确精度的大多数粒子物理学，但它具有缺陷。它不能解释暗物质，为什么弱相互作用量表相对较轻，或者为什么有三代夸克和瘦素，而它不包含重力。我们的研究将探索可能纠正这些缺陷的模型，并确定哪些实验测试将对他们预测的新的“超越标准模型（BSM）”敏感。我们将检查超对称场理论以及具有额外空间维度的模型，以确定它们是否包含可行的暗物质候选者，而无需引入其他与实验不相容的新物理学。 SuperString理论是将标准模型统一重力统一的有前途的候选人。然而，通常它们包含大量在自然界中未观察到的颗粒。我们将继续我们的程序，以找到与标准模型一致的程序，并首次计算Yukawa耦合，这些耦合是将光颗粒质量与实验进行详细比较所需的。 LHC还用于碰撞产生夸克 - 糖浆血浆的重离子。了解这种新物质的特征是具有挑战性的。它非常快速地达到热平衡，并非凡地影响通过它的能量颗粒的行为。所谓的量规二元技术可能会攻击其中一些问题，但并不严格适用于实际QCD。我们建议开发一种复合描述，将此方法与其他技术结合在一起，以了解真实的夸克 - 格鲁氏质量的特性。标准模型的扩展通常包含无法直接在LHC上检测到的新粒子，但会影响天体物理和宇宙学过程，例如作为通货膨胀和原始重力波的产生。一个例子是所谓的ALP，它在大多数字符串理论中自然产生，并且在天体物理X射线数据中可以看到其存在。我们建议的重要部分是详细建立此类物理学的信号，以便我们可以优化在观察数据中检测它们的策略。相比之下，量子重力尚未足够充分地理解为张力理论，因此我们将开发用于计算诸如因果动力学三角剖分的模型中计算宇宙大规模特性的方法，以确定它们是否是描述量子重力的合理候选者。

项目成果

Search for nonstandard neutrino interactions with IceCube DeepCore

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.072009
• 发表时间: 2017-09
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;I. A. Samarai;D. Altmann;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;J. P. Barron;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;D. Bose;S. Boser;O. Botner;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;L. Brayeur;M. Brenzke;H. Bretz;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;T. Carver;J. Casey;M. Casier;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;A. Christov;K. Clark;L. Classen;S. Coenders;G. Collin;J. Conrad;D. Cowen;R. Cross;M. Day;J. Andr'e;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;H. Dembinski;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;V. Lorenzo;H. Dujmovic;J. Dumm;M. Dunkman;E. Dvorak;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;P. Eller;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;S. Flis;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;T. Fuchs;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;W. Giang;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;F. Halzen;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;S. In;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;P. Kalaczyński;W. Kang;A. Kappes;T. Karg;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;M. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;G. Kohnen;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;J. Koschinsky;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;M. Kroll;G. Kruckl;J. Kunnen;S. Kunwar;N. Kurahashi;T. Kuwabara;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;M. Lesiak-Bzdak;M. Leuermann;Q. Liu;L. Lu;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;S. Mancina;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;M. Meier;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;J. Micallef;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;M. Moulai;R. Nahnhauer;P. Nakarmi;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;P. Peiffer;J. Pepper;C. Heros;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;M. Plum;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;L. Radel;M. Rameez;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;M. Relich;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;T. Salzer;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;S. Schoenen;S. Schoneberg;L. Schumacher;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;Alexander Stasik;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;N. Strotjohann;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;I. Taboada;J. Tatar;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;G. Tevsi'c;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;C. Turley;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;W. Driessche;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;J. Santen;M. Vehring;E. Vogel;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;F. Wandler;N. Wandkowsky;A. Waza;C. Weaver;M. Weiss;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;J. Wood;T. R. Wood;E. Woolsey;K. Woschnagg;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan;M. Zoll

The IceCube Realtime Alert System

• DOI: 10.1016/j.astropartphys.2017.05.002
• 发表时间: 2016-12
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;D. Altmann;K. Andeen

Search for sterile neutrino mixing using three years of IceCube DeepCore data

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.95.112002
• 发表时间: 2017-02
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;I. A. Samarai;D. Altmann-D.-Altm

Detection of the Temporal Variation of the Sun's Cosmic Ray Shadow with the IceCube Detector

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaffd1
• 发表时间: 2018-11
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;D. Altmann;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;P. Backes;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;A. Barbano;J. P. Barron;S. Barwick;V. Baum;R. Bay;J. Beatty;J. Tjus;K. Becker;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;F. Bos;S. Boser;O. Botner;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;H. Bretz;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;R. Busse;T. Carver;C. Chen;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;K. Clark;L. Classen;G. Collin;J. Conrad;P. Coppin;P. Correa;D. Cowen;R. Cross;P. Dave;M. Day;J. Andr'e;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;H. Dembinski;K. Deoskar;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;H. Dujmovic;M. Dunkman;E. Dvorak;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;B. Eichmann;P. Eller;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;A. Fritz;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;E. Ganster;S. Garrappa;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;W. Giang;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;L. Halve;F. Halzen;K. Hanson;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;T. Hoinka;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;R. Hussain;S. In;N. Iovine;A. Ishihara;E. Jacobi;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;P. Kalaczyński;W. Kang;A. Kappes;D. Kappesser;T. Karg;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;A. Keivani;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;M. Kroll;G. Kruckl;S. Kunwar;N. Kurahashi;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;K. Leonard;M. Leuermann;Q. Liu;E. Lohfink;C. J. L. Mariscal;L. Lu;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;Y. Makino;S. Mancina;I. Marics;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;K. Meagher;M. Medici;M. Meier;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;S. Miarecki;J. Micallef;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;M. Moulai;R. Nagai;R. Nahnhauer;P. Nakarmi;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;E. O’Sullivan;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;P. Peiffer;J. Pepper;C. Heros;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;A. Pizzuto;M. Plum;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;M. Rameez;L. Rauch;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;G. Renzi;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Robertson;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;I. Safa;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;M. Schaufel;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;J. Schneider;S. Schoneberg;L. Schumacher;S. Sclafani;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;Alexander Stasik;R. Stein;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;N. Strotjohann;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;M. Sutherland;I. Taboada;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;S. Tilav;P. Toale;M. Tobin;C. Tonnis;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;R. Turcotte;C. Turley;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. U. Elorrieta;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;W. Driessche;D. Eijk;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;J. Santen;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;F. Wandler;N. Wandkowsky;T. B. Watson;C. Weaver;M. Weiss;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;S. Westerhoff;B. Whelan;N. Whitehorn;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;J. Wood;T. R. Wood;E. Woolsey;K. Woschnagg;G. Wrede;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan

A Search for Neutrino Point-source Populations in 7 yr of IceCube Data with Neutrino-count Statistics

• DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab7af9
• 发表时间: 2019-09
• 期刊: The Astrophysical Journal
• 作者: I. C. M. Aartsen;M. Ackermann;J. Adams;J. Aguilar;M. Ahlers;M. Ahrens;C. Alispach;K. Andeen;T. Anderson;I. Ansseau;G. Anton;C. Arguelles;J. Auffenberg;S. Axani;P. Backes;H. Bagherpour;X. Bai;V. A.Balagopal;A. Barbano;S. Barwick;B. Bastian;V. Baum;S. Baur;R. Bay;J. Beatty;K. Becker;J. Tjus;S. BenZvi;D. Berley;E. Bernardini;D. Besson;G. Binder;D. Bindig;E. Blaufuss;S. Blot;C. Bohm;M. Borner;S. Boser;O. Botner;J. Bottcher;E. Bourbeau;J. Bourbeau;F. Bradascio;J. Braun;S. Bron;J. Brostean-Kaiser;A. Burgman;J. Buscher;R. Busse;T. Carver;C. Chen;E. Cheung;D. Chirkin;S. Choi;K. Clark;L. Classen;A. Coleman;G. Collin;J. Conrad;P. Coppin;P. Correa;D. Cowen;R. Cross;P. Dave;C. Clercq;J. DeLaunay;H. Dembinski;K. Deoskar;S. Ridder;P. Desiati;K. D. Vries;G. Wasseige;M. With;T. DeYoung;A. Diaz;J. C. D'iaz-V'elez;H. Dujmovic;M. Dunkman;E. Dvorak;B. Eberhardt;T. Ehrhardt;P. Eller;R. Engel;P. Evenson;S. Fahey;A. Fazely;J. Felde;K. Filimonov;C. Finley;A. Franckowiak;E. Friedman;A. Fritz;T. Gaisser;J. Gallagher;E. Ganster;S. Garrappa;L. Gerhardt;K. Ghorbani;T. Glauch;T. Glusenkamp;A. Goldschmidt;J. G. Gonzalez;D. Grant;Z. Griffith;S. Griswold;M. Gunder;M. Gunduz;C. Haack;A. Hallgren;L. Halve;F. Halzen;K. Hanson;A. Haungs;D. Hebecker;D. Heereman;P. Heix;K. Helbing;R. Hellauer;F. Henningsen;S. Hickford;J. Hignight;G. Hill;K. Hoffman;R. Hoffmann;T. Hoinka;B. Hokanson-Fasig;K. Hoshina;F. Huang;M. Huber;T. Huber;K. Hultqvist;Mirco Hünnefeld;R. Hussain;S. In;N. Iovine;A. Ishihara;G. Japaridze;M. Jeong;K. Jero;B. Jones;F. Jonske;R. Joppe;D. Kang;W. Kang;A. Kappes;D. Kappesser;T. Karg;M. Karl;A. Karle;U. Katz;M. Kauer;J. Kelley;A. Kheirandish;J. Kim;T. Kintscher;J. Kiryluk;T. Kittler;S. Klein;R. Koirala;H. Kolanoski;L. Kopke;C. Kopper;S. Kopper;D. Koskinen;M. Kowalski;K. Krings;G. Kruckl;N. Kulacz;N. Kurahashi;A. Kyriacou;M. Labare;J. Lanfranchi;M. Larson;F. Lauber;J. Lazar;K. Leonard;A. Leszczy'nska;M. Leuermann;Q. Liu;E. Lohfink;C. J. L. Mariscal;L. Lu;F. Lucarelli;J. Lunemann;W. Luszczak;Y. Lyu;W. Ma;J. Madsen;G. Maggi;K. Mahn;Y. Makino;P. Mallik;K. Mallot;S. Mancina;I. Marics;R. Maruyama;K. Mase;R. Maunu;F. McNally;K. Meagher;M. Medici;A. Medina;M. Meier;S. Meighen-Berger;T. Menne;G. Merino;T. Meures;J. Micallef;D. Mockler;G. Moment'e;T. Montaruli;R. Moore;R. Morse;M. Moulai;P. Muth;R. Nagai;U. Naumann;G. Neer;H. Niederhausen;S. Nowicki;D. Nygren;A. Pollmann;M. Oehler;A. Olivas;A. O'Murchadha;E. O’Sullivan;T. Palczewski;H. Pandya;D. Pankova;N. Park;P. Peiffer;C. Heros;S. Philippen;D. Pieloth;E. Pinat;A. Pizzuto;M. Plum;A. Porcelli;P. Price;G. Przybylski;C. Raab;A. Raissi;M. Rameez;L. Rauch;K. Rawlins;I. C. Rea;R. Reimann;B. Relethford;M. Renschler;G. Renzi;E. Resconi;W. Rhode;M. Richman;S. Robertson;N. Rodd;M. Rongen;C. Rott;T. Ruhe;D. Ryckbosch;D. Rysewyk;I. Safa;B. Safdi;S. Herrera;A. Sandrock;J. Sandroos;M. Santander;S. Sarkar;K. Satalecka;M. Schaufel;H. Schieler;P. Schlunder;T. Schmidt;A. Schneider;J. Schneider;F. Schroder;L. Schumacher;S. Sclafani;D. Seckel;S. Seunarine;S. Shefali;M. Silva;R. Snihur;J. Soedingrekso;D. Soldin;M. Song;G. Spiczak;C. Spiering;J. Stachurska;M. Stamatikos;T. Stanev;R. Stein;P. Steinmuller;J. Stettner;A. Steuer;T. Stezelberger;R. Stokstad;A. Stossl;N. Strotjohann;T. Sturwald;T. Stuttard;G. Sullivan;I. Taboada;F. Tenholt;S. Ter-Antonyan;A. Terliuk;S. Tilav;K. Tollefson;L. Tomankova;C. Tonnis;S. Toscano;D. Tosi;A. Trettin;M. Tselengidou;C. Tung;A. Turcati;R. Turcotte;C. Turley;B. Ty;E. Unger;M. U. Elorrieta;M. Usner;J. Vandenbroucke;W. Driessche;D. Eijk;N. Eijndhoven;S. Vanheule;J. Santen;M. Vraeghe;C. Walck;A. Wallace;M. Wallraff;N. Wandkowsky;T. B. Watson;C. Weaver;A. Weindl;M. Weiss;J. Weldert;C. Wendt;J. Werthebach;B. Whelan;N. Whitehorn;K. Wiebe;C. Wiebusch;L. Wille;D. Williams;L. Wills;M. Wolf;J. Wood;T. R. Wood;K. Woschnagg;G. Wrede;D. Xu;X. Xu;Y. Xu;J. Yáñez;G. Yodh;S. Yoshida;T. Yuan;M. Zocklein