Planetary Science at the Open University 2017-2020

开放大学行星科学 2017-2020

• 批准号: ST/P000657/1
• 负责人: Simon Green
• 金额: $ 301.18万
• 依托单位: The Open University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FP000657%2F1
• 关键词: Planetary; Science; Open; University; 2017

Our proposed research programme addresses the origin and evolution of the Solar System, including surfaces, atmospheres and physical, geological, chemical and biological processes on the terrestrial planets, the Moon, asteroids, comets, icy satellites and extraterrestrial materials, in a range of projects which address the STFC Science Roadmap challenge B: "How do stars and planetary systems develop and is life unique to our planet?"The inner rocky bodies of the Solar System are of particular importance in understanding planetary system evolution, because of their common origin but subsequent divergent histories. Lunar samples will be used to determine the abundance and composition of volatile elements on the Moon, their source(s) in the lunar interior, and processes influencing their evolution over lunar geological history. Oxygen isotope analysis will be used to determine the conditions and processes that shape the formation of materials during the earliest stages of Solar System formation. Mars is the focus of international Solar System exploration programmes, with the ultimate aim of Mars Sample Return. We will: investigate the martian water cycle on global and local scales through a synthesis of atmospheric modeling, space mission data and surface geology; assess potential changes in the composition of Mars' atmosphere over time through measurement of tracers trapped in martian meteorites of different ages; and determine whether carbon dioxide, rather than water flow, is able to account for recently active surface features on Mars. Mercury is an end-member in the planet-formation spectrum and we plan to exploit NASA MESSENGER data to study its origin and crustal evolution, and prepare for ESA's BepiColombo mission.The cold outer regions of the Solar System, and particularly comets, are believed to have retained some of the most pristine primitive material from their formation. We plan to probe the composition and origins of cometary material and understand the processes that drive cometary activity through: laboratory analysis of the most primitive Interplanetary Dust Particles; and direct measurements of a comet by our instruments on the Rosetta mission, together with laboratory simulations. We will conduct laboratory ultraviolet observations of irradiated ices to provide new insights into the composition of Solar System ices and how they may create atmospheres around their parent bodies. We will also investigate the role volatiles can play in the cohesion ("making") of Solar System minor bodies, and the fragmentation that can be achieved by thermal cycling (a candidate process that "breaks" them).The question of whether Earth is a unique location for life in the Solar System remains one of the most enduring questions of our time. We plan to investigate how the geochemistry of potentially habitable environments on Mars, Europa and Enceladus would change over geological timescales if life was present, producing distinguishable biomarkers that could be used as evidence of life in the Solar System. We will study the role of hypervelocity impacts in: the processing of compounds of critical interest to habitability (water, sulfur-species, organic species) during crater formation; and the hydrothermal system of the 100 km diameter Manicouagan impact structure in Canada to assess the astrobiological implications of hydrothermal systems for early Mars.In addition to satisfying humanity's innate desire to explore and understand the Universe around us, our research has more tangible benefits. We use the analytical techniques involved from development of space and laboratory instrumentation for applications with companies in fields as diverse as medicine, security, tourism and cosmetics. One of the most important benefits of our research is that it helps to train and inspire students - the next generation of scientists and engineers - through training within the University and public outreach and schools programmes.

我们提出的研究计划涉及太阳系的起源和演变，包括陆地行星，月球，小行星，小行星，彗星，冰冷的卫星和外星材料的表面，大气，地质，化学和生物学过程，在STFC科学路线挑战B：“ STRET和PLAN”的一系列项目中：系统在理解行星系统的演变中特别重要，因为它们的共同起源，但随后的不同历史。月球样本将用于确定月球上挥发性元素的丰度和组成，它们在月球内部的来源以及影响其在月球地质历史上的进化的过程。氧同位素分析将用于确定在太阳系形成的最早阶段形成材料形成的条件和过程。火星是国际太阳系勘探计划的重点，其最终目的是火星样本回报。我们将：通过大气建模，太空任务数据和表面地质的综合研究火星水周期；通过测量被困在不同年龄的火星陨石中的示踪剂，评估火星大气组成的潜在变化；并确定二氧化碳而不是水流是否能够考虑火星上最近活动的表面特征。汞是行星形成频谱中的最终成员，我们计划利用NASA Messenger数据来研究其起源和地壳演化，并为ESA的Bepicolombo任务做准备。太阳系的冷外部区域，尤其是彗星的寒冷外部区域，被认为保留了一些最原始的原始材料。我们计划探测彗星材料的组成和起源，并了解通过：最原始的星际尘埃颗粒的实验室分析来推动彗星活动的过程；以及我们的仪器对Rosetta任务的彗星的直接测量以及实验室模拟。我们将对辐射的冰的实验室紫外线观察，以提供有关太阳系冰组成的新见解，以及它们如何在母体周围营造气氛。我们还将调查挥发物在太阳系次要物体的凝聚（“制造”）中可以扮演的角色，以及通过热循环（“破坏”它们的候选过程）可以实现的碎片。关于地球是否是太阳能系统中生活的独特位置的问题仍然是我们时间最持久的问题之一。我们计划研究火星，欧罗巴和土卫的潜在可居住环境的地球化学如何在地质时期内改变，如果存在生活，则产生可区分的生物标志物，这些标志物可以用作太阳系中的生命证据。我们将研究高速影响的作用：在火山口形成过程中，对可居住能力的关键化合物（水，硫磺种，有机物种）的处理处理；以及加拿大直径100 km直径的躁狂影响结构的水热系统，以评估水热系统对早期Mars的天体生物学含义。在满足人类探索和理解我们周围宇宙的天生渴望的外，我们的研究具有更明显的好处。我们使用从空间和实验室仪器开发的分析技术来与医学，安全，旅游和化妆品等多样化的公司的应用进行应用。我们研究最重要的好处之一是，它通过在大学和公共宣传和学校计划中进行培训，有助于培训和激发学生 - 下一代科学家和工程师。

项目成果

Multiple reservoirs of volatiles in the Moon revealed by the isotopic composition of chlorine in lunar basalts

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2018.12.032
• 发表时间: 2019-12-01
• 期刊: GEOCHIMICA ET COSMOCHIMICA ACTA
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Barnes, Jessica J.;Franchi, Ian A.;Anand, Mahesh
• 通讯作者: Anand, Mahesh

Editorial to the Topical Collection: Role of Sample Return in Addressing Major Questions in Planetary Sciences

专题集社论：样本返回在解决行星科学重大问题中的作用

• DOI: 10.1007/s11214-020-00724-4
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Space Science Reviews
• 影响因子: 10.3
• 作者: Anand M

Carbon isotopic variation in ureilites: Evidence for an early, volatile-rich Inner Solar System

• DOI: 10.1016/j.epsl.2017.08.039
• 发表时间: 2017-11-15
• 期刊: EARTH AND PLANETARY SCIENCE LETTERS
• 影响因子: 5.3
• 作者: Barrat, Jean-Alix;Sansjofre, Pierre;Gillet, Philippe
• 通讯作者: Gillet, Philippe

Basaltic volcanism on the angrite parent body: Comparison with 4 Vesta

• DOI: 10.1111/maps.13016
• 发表时间: 2018-03-01
• 期刊: METEORITICS & PLANETARY SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 2.2
• 作者: Abernethy, F. A. J.;Verchovsky, A. B.;Grady, M. M.
• 通讯作者: Grady, M. M.

Investigating magmatic processes in the early Solar System using the Cl isotopic systematics of eucrites

• DOI: 10.1016/j.gca.2019.06.024
• 发表时间: 2019-12
• 期刊: Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: T. Barrett;J. Barnes;M. Anand;I. Franchi;R. Greenwood;B. Charlier;X. Zhao;F. Moynier;M. Grady