AUDITORY EXPERIENCE AND ADULT NEURON TURNOVER IN BIRDS

鸟类的听觉体验和成年神经元周转

• 批准号: 6258070
• 负责人: JOHN R KIRN
• 金额: $ 22.27万
• 依托单位: WESLEYAN UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2001
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2001-01-26 至 2003-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6258070
• 关键词: animal communication behavior; auditory deprivation; auditory pathways; auditory stimulus; brain mapping; cell age; cell cell interaction; cell death; cell growth regulation; cell proliferation; corpus striatum; deafness; ear surgery; hearing; immunocytochemistry; neural information processing; neurogenesis; neurophysiology; neuropsychology; noise biological effect; psychoacoustics; songbirds; sound perception; telencephalon; verbal behavior; verbal learning

DESCRIPTION: (adapted from applicant's abstract) Neurogenesis persists into adulthood in many vertebrates including humans. An understanding of the factors that control neuron addition and survival may ultimately lead to insights on the functions of adult neurogenesis and suggest mechanisms for brain repair. In adult warm-blooded vertebrates, the most widespread production of neurons occurs in the avian telencephalon. In songbirds, many new neurons are inserted into the High Vocal Center (HVC), a region necessary for the perception and production of learned vocalizations. New HVC neurons replace older neurons that have died. Recent work shows that auditory input is necessary for normal rates of neuronal replacement. Available data suggest that deafening decreases the numbers of HVC neurons incorporated and prolongs their subsequent survival. Proposed work will directly test whether the life span of neurons that have been successfully incorporated into HVC prior to deafening is augmented. Additional studies will determine whether deafening influences the production or early survival of adult-formed neurons. A lesion study will test whether the lateral magnocellular nucleus of the anterior neostriatum (lMAN), an area necessary for song learning, participates in the auditory control of HVC neuron turnover. Playbacks of conspecific song produce increased rates of HVC neuron activity and maximal rates are obtained with playbacks of the bird's own song. Thus, the effects of deafening on HVC neuronal turnover may be due to depriving birds of song-related auditory stimulation. Proposed experiments will systematically deprive hearing-intact birds of access to self-generated auditory feedback and/or conspecific song to test this hypothesis. We will contrast these effects with those following manipulations that alter, without completely blocking, self-generated auditory feedback from singing. Collectively, these studies will explore the sensory requirements for the control of adult neuron addition and loss within a discrete, well-characterized neural system controlling a learned vocal behavior.

描述：（改编自申请人的摘要） 在包括人类在内的许多脊椎动物中，神经发生持续到成年。一个 了解控制神经元增加和生存的因素可能 最终导致对成人神经发生功能的见解，并提出 大脑修复机制。在成年温血脊椎动物中，最多 神经元的广泛产生发生在禽尾脑。在 鸣禽，许多新的神经元被插入高音中心（HVC），一个 感知和生产学习发声所必需的区域。 新的HVC神经元取代了死亡的较老神经元。最近的工作表明 听觉输入对于正常的神经元置换率是必需的。可用的 数据表明，聋哑人减少了HVC神经元的掺入的数量 并延长其随后的生存。建议的工作将直接测试 成功纳入的神经元的寿命是否 HVC在逆转之前增加。其他研究将决定是否 震耳欲聋会影响成人形成神经元的产生或早期生存。 一项病变研究将测试是否的侧向大细胞核是否 新纹状体（LMAN）是歌曲学习所需的领域，参与 在HVC神经元周转的听觉控制中。 同种歌曲的播放产生的HVC神经元活动率提高 并通过播放自己的歌曲的播放来获得最大的速度。因此， 聋哑人对HVC神经元周转的影响可能是由于剥夺了鸟类 与歌曲有关的听觉刺激。提出的实验将系统地 剥夺听力独立鸟获得自我生成的听觉反馈 和/或同种歌曲来检验此假设。我们将对比这些效果 随着以下操作会改变，而不会完全阻塞， 唱歌的自我产生的听觉反馈。这些研究总的来说 探索控制成人神经元增加的感觉要求和 在控制学识渊博的离散，良好的神经系统中损失 人声行为。