DEVELOPMENT AND PLASTICITY IN NORMAL AND IMPAIRED EARS

正常和受损耳朵的发育和可塑性

• 批准号: 6379248
• 负责人: JOSEPH W. HALL
• 金额: $ 29.48万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF NORTH CAROLINA CHAPEL HILL
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1986
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1986-09-01 至 2004-08-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6379248
• 关键词: adolescence (12-20); adult human (21+); audiometry; auditory nuclei; auditory stimulus; auditory threshold; binaural hearing; child (0-11); clinical research; conductive hearing loss; hearing aids; human subject; language development; language disorders; longitudinal human study; neural plasticity; otitis media; perceptual maskings; psychoacoustics; sensorineural hearing loss; sound frequency; sound perception; speech recognition; statistics /biometry

The long-term aim of this project is an understanding of auditory development in normal children and in specific clinical popultions of children. One major Study Area is the effect of otitis media on auditory development. The specific aim in this area is assessment of the hypothesis that children with a history of otitis media have particular impairment for the processing of speech under particular conditions: when binaural cues are available for masking release, and when the task is designed such that it is difficult to perceptually segregate the speech from masking interference. The second major Study Area assesses the nature of auditory processing deficiencies in children diagnosed with specific language impairment. One specific aim will be to evaluate the hypothesis that such listeners have explicit deficits in coding the temporal aspect of the signal. The competing hypothesis will be assessed that such children have a more general deficit in auditory processing based upon relatively subtle/difficult cues. A related aim will be to control for possible effects of hearing loss history among the children with specific language disorder. The third major Study Area will investigate developmental and basic mechanisms of binaural masking release. Basic experiments on adult listeners will address the question of whether binaural masking release depends upon selective temporal weighting of temporal epochs that are favorable for detection. A related developmental study in this area will investigate the finding that children have reduced MLDs for narrowband noise maskers even though their MLDs are adult- like for relatively wideband maskers. We will examine the hypothesis that children do not take advantage of the narrowband masker valley epochs containing the best signal-to-noise ratios. In all Study Areas, most psychophysical or speech recognition methods will use three-alternative or four- alternative forced-choice testing with sound presentation over earphones. All phases of the project will include age-matched control listeners. Data will be analyzed using analysis of variance and correlation procedures.

该项目的长期目的是了解正常儿童和特定儿童临床prop的听觉发展。 一项主要的研究领域是中耳炎对听觉发展的影响。 该领域的具体目的是评估以下假设：在特定条件下，具有中耳炎病史的儿童对语音处理特别受损：当双耳提示可用于掩盖释放时，并且在设计任务时，很难从掩盖掩盖干扰中进行理解地隔离语音。 第二个主要研究领域评估了被诊断出患有特定语言障碍的儿童听觉处理缺陷的性质。 一个具体的目的是评估这样的假设，即此类听众在编码信号的时间方面有明确的缺陷。 竞争假设将得到评估，这些孩子基于相对微妙/困难的提示在听觉处理方面存在更普遍的赤字。 相关的目的是控制患有特定语言障碍的儿童听力损失史的可能影响。 第三个主要研究领域将研究双耳掩蔽释放的发展和基本机制。 成人听众的基本实验将解决双耳掩蔽释放是否取决于有利于检测的时间时期的选择性时间加权。 在该领域的一项相关发展研究将调查以下发现，即即使他们的MLD是成人的，儿童也可以减少窄带噪声遮罩器的MLD。 我们将研究以下假设：儿童不利用含有最佳信噪比的窄带面具谷时代。 在所有研究领域，大多数心理物理或语音识别方法都将使用三替代或四替代性强制选择测试，并在耳机上进行良好的表现。 该项目的所有阶段将包括年龄匹配的控制听众。 将使用方差和相关程序分析对数据进行分析。