Experimental Particle Physics at UCL

伦敦大学学院实验粒子物理

• 批准号: ST/H001158/2
• 负责人: Nikolaos Konstantinidis
• 金额: $ 1004.69万
• 依托单位: University College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2010
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2010 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FH001158%2F2
• 关键词: Experimental; Particle; Physics; UCL

Experimental particle physics seeks to study extremely small sizes, or equivalently extremely high energies. It in effect probes the conditions that existed in the universe a fraction of a second after the Big Bang. These unique conditions that we are studying ultimately allowed stars, galaxies, planets & finally life to form & dictate how the universe will evolve far into the future. We are studying the underlying nature of the physical universe in terms of fundamental forces & particles. Experiments capable of reaching these extremes of energy & size are very technically challenging. The challenges include devising precision detectors which can operate in hostile environments, particle accelerators which can achieve high energy collisions, super-sensitive detectors capable of identifying very rare decays with very small 'background noise', high-speed electronics which can read out millions of pieces of information per second, & robust, flexible software which can analyse the data in a distributed computing system all over the world. Thus another consequence of an active particle physics activity is a stimulation of technological developments, the training of people skilled in the development & use of innovative technology & improvements in industrial manufacturing capability. This is a 'rolling grant', which means that it covers a broad variety of particle physics experiments. The rolling grant underpins the base of highly skilled research & technical staff allowing UCL to be a leader in experimental physics at the very highest levels. It provides a measure of career security, as well as travel & equipment money. This also allows the group to function effectively in the training of PhD students & young post-doctoral researchers. Crucially, the scientific advances that this grant will support are grounded in & will be tested by experimental observations. The science this grant will support includes: - Understanding the mechanism that gives particles mass by searching for new fundamental particles such as the Higgs boson & examining in detail the interactions of W bosons (the particles responsible for the weak nuclear force) at the highest energies using the ATLAS detector at CERN's LHC & by measuring very precisely the mass of the W boson using the CDF detector at the Tevatron collider. - Understanding why we live in a universe that is dominated by matter with only a tiny anti-matter component which is at odds with the conditions immediately following the Big Bang when matter & antimatter co-existed in equal amounts. We will study in detail the properties of the neutrino, which is a stable, uncharged, almost massless particle released in radioactive beta decays & decays of unstable particles. The study is performed at the MINOS, NEMO-III & ultimately SuperNEMO (which we are building) experiments that are searching for rare processes where neutrinos change their identity & for rare beta decay processes releasing two electrons & no neutrinos. - Understanding the nature of the strong nuclear force through measurements of the internal structure of the proton using the ZEUS detector at the HERA collider. - Searching for phenomena at extremely high energy which can help to define a more fundamental theory that unifies the twin pillars of 20th century physics: Einstein's theory of General Relativity & Quantum Mechanics. We are searching for the interaction of ultra-high energy neutrinos with the Antarctic ice using the ANITA experiment & R&D towards experiments searching for the exceedingly rare process whereby a muon (a heavy electron type particle) spontaneously converts into an electron. Some of this work is funded on other grants but is underpinned by the technical expertise that is supported by this rolling grant. Continuity & support for the technical base in the UCL High Energy Physics Group & for the young researchers to develop is vital to progress the science & the benefits that it brings.

实验粒子物理学试图研究极小的尺寸或同等的极高能量。实际上，它探究了大爆炸后宇宙中存在的一秒钟的条件。我们正在研究的这些独特的条件最终使恒星，星系，行星和最后的生命形成并决定了宇宙将如何发展到未来。我们正在研究物理宇宙的潜在性质，从基本力和颗粒方面。能够达到这些极端能量和大小的实验在技术上具有挑战性。挑战包括设计可以在敌对环境中运行的精确探测器，可以实现高能量碰撞的粒子加速器，超敏感的探测器，能够以很小的“背景噪声”，高速电子设备识别非常罕见的衰减，可以读取每秒数百万个信息，并且可以分析所有分布式的计算系统中的数据。因此，主动粒子物理活动的另一个后果是刺激技术发展，培训熟练于创新技术发展和使用工业制造能力的人们。这是一个“滚动赠款”，这意味着它涵盖了各种各样的粒子物理实验。 Rolling Grant为高技能研究和技术人员的基础提供了支持，UCL可以成为最高水平的实验物理学领导者。它提供了一种衡量职业安全以及旅行和设备资金的衡量标准。这也使小组可以在博士生和年轻博士后研究人员的培训中有效地发挥作用。至关重要的是，该赠款将支持的科学进步将基于实验观察结果。该赠款将支持的科学包括： - 了解通过寻找新的基本颗粒（例如Higgs玻色子）和详细检查的机制，并详细检查了使用Cern lhc和Precys controry conterron conterron conterron conterron conter conter conter conter conter conter contron conter conter的相互作用的相互作用（负责弱核力量的颗粒）。 - 了解为什么我们生活在一个仅由物质主导的宇宙中，只有一个微小的反物质组成部分与大爆炸后紧接的条件相反，当时物质和反物质以相等的数量共存。我们将详细研究中微子的特性，中微子是一个稳定的，未充电的，几乎无质量的粒子，在放射性β衰变和不稳定颗粒的衰减中释放。该研究是在MINOS，NEMO-III及其最终的SuperNemo（我们正在构建的）实验上进行的，该实验正在寻找稀有过程，中微子会改变其身份，并为释放两个电子和无中微子的稀有β衰减过程。 - 通过使用HERA对撞机的宙斯检测器测量质子的内部结构，了解强核力量的性质。 - 在极高的能量上寻找现象，这可以帮助定义更基本的理论，该理论统一了20世纪物理学的双支柱：爱因斯坦的一般相对论和量子力学理论。我们正在使用Anita实验和R＆D搜索超高能量中微子与南极冰的相互作用，以搜索搜索极为罕见的过程，从而使MUON（一种重型电子类型粒子）自发转化为电子。这项工作中的一些是基于其他赠款的资助，但得到了该滚动赠款支持的技术专业知识的基础。 UCL高能源物理小组的技术基础的连续性和支持，以及对年轻研究人员发展的连续性和支持对于进步科学和带来的好处至关重要。

项目成果

Identification and rejection of pile-up jets at high pseudorapidity with the ATLAS detector

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-017-5081-5
• 发表时间: 2017-05
• 期刊: The European Physical Journal. C, Particles and Fields
• 作者: M. Aaboud;G. Aad;B. Abbott;J. Abdallah;O. Abdinov;B. Abeloos;S. Abidi;O. AbouZeid;N. Abr

Measurement of the production cross-section of a single top quark in association with a $Z$ boson in proton--proton collisions at 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

• DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2018.03.023
• 发表时间: 2017-10
• 作者: Atlas Collaboration

A strategy for a general search for new phenomena using data-derived signal regions and its application within the ATLAS experiment

• DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6540-y
• 发表时间: 2019-02-06
• 期刊: EUROPEAN PHYSICAL JOURNAL C
• 影响因子: 4.4
• 作者: Aaboud, M.;Aad, G.;Zwalinski, L.
• 通讯作者: Zwalinski, L.

Search for flavor-changing neutral currents in top quark decays t ? H c and t ? H u in multilepton final states in proton-proton collisions at s = 13 TeV with the ATLAS detector

寻找顶夸克衰变中改变风味的中性流 t ？

• DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.032002
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Physical Review D
• 影响因子: 5
• 作者: Aaboud M