Experimental Particle Physics Rolling Grant 2009-2014

实验粒子物理滚动资助 2009-2014

基本信息

批准号：
ST/H00095X/1
负责人：
Peter Ratoff
金额：
$ 103.05万
依托单位：
Lancaster University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2009
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2009 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ST%2FH00095X%2F1
关键词：
Experimental Particle Physics Rolling Grant

项目摘要

This research is aimed at understanding the properties of the basic building blocks of the Universe (the elementary particles) and the nature of the fundamental forces which govern the interactions of these particles. In so doing, deep insights will be gained about the origin and evolution of the Universe, especially in the first moments after the Big Bang. The Lancaster research programme covers all the main types of accelerator facilities and is based on hadron collider physics with the Tevatron (Fermilab) and LHC (CERN) machines, and the observation of long baseline neutrino oscillations in Japan. All of this work will be underpinned by Lancaster's expertise in characterising and understanding the properties of heavily irradiated silicon particle detectors, in operating high performance computing facilities on the Grid and in writing offline event reconstruction software. The hadron collider physics is expected to reveal detailed properties of B hadrons (containing heavy b-quarks) including the mixing of neutral B mesons containing strange quarks, and CP violation which is related to the existence of the matter-antimatter asymmetry in the Universe. Searches for new physics at the LHC will focus on understanding the origin of mass (and the role of the Higgs boson), the existence of new symmetries of nature (e.g. supersymmetry) and extra spatial dimensions. The neutrino oscillations programme is expected to provide important information about the masses of and the amount of mixing amongst the three known species of neutrinos. If the appearance of electron neutrinos can be observed in a muon neutrino beam then it may be possible, in a further phase of the research, to establish the existence of CP violation in the neutrino sector of the Standard Model. This could have wide reaching implications for the understanding of the matter-antimatter asymmetry of the Universe. The development of new particle accelerator technology for high energy particle physics and a broad range of alternaive applications is the mission of the Cockcroft Institute. The Lancaster group were co-founders of the Institute and remain commited to supporting its evolution.

这项研究的目的是了解宇宙基本构建块（基本粒子）的特性以及控制这些粒子相互作用的基本力的性质。这样一来，就会对宇宙的起源和演变获得深刻的见解，尤其是在大爆炸之后的第一刻。兰开斯特研究计划涵盖了所有主要类型的加速器设施，并基于与Tevatron（Fermilab）和LHC（CERN）机器的强子对撞机物理学，以及日本长期基线中微子振荡的观察。兰开斯特（Lancaster）在表征和了解大量辐照的硅粒子探测器的特性，在网格上运行高性能计算设施以及在离线事件重建软件上写下的高性能计算设施方面的特性，将为所有这一切的基础。预计强子对撞机物理学将揭示B Hadron的详细特性（包含重B Quarks），包括混合含有奇怪夸克的中性B媒体，以及与宇宙中物质抗逆变素不对称的存在有关的CP违规行为。在LHC上寻找新物理学的搜索将集中在理解质量的起源（以及希格斯玻色子的作用），自然的新对称性（例如超对称性）和额外的空间维度。预计中微子振荡计划将提供有关三种已知中微子物种之间的质量和混合量的重要信息。如果可以在MUON中微子束中观察到电子中微子的出现，那么在进一步的研究阶段，有可能在标准模型的中微子部门中建立CP违规的存在。这可能对理解宇宙的物质抗物反应不对称具有广泛的影响。科克克罗夫特研究所的任务是用于高能粒子物理和广泛应用的新粒子加速器技术和广泛的替代应用。兰开斯特集团是该研究所的联合创始人，并继续致力于支持其进化。