Co-developed Environmental Solutions to Mitigate the Impact of Temperature Extremes on the Health of Vulnerable Populations

共同开发环境解决方案，以减轻极端温度对弱势群体健康的影响

• 批准号: NE/Y503241/1
• 负责人: Justin Sheffield
• 金额: $ 325.17万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2024
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2024 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FY503241%2F1
• 关键词: Co; developed; Environmental; Solutions; Mitigate

The physiological and cognitive impacts of extreme temperatures are known in general and mostly for healthy populations, but little is known about how impacts differ across the diversity of the UK population; in particular, those with multiple health conditions, including neurological, who are likely to be the most impacted, and for which interventions (e.g. green spaces) are poorly targeted or non-existent. Furthermore, we do not have tools to integrate available data to understand temperature-health risks nationally and at the necessary individual and household level, and therefore how to target interventions. More broadly, the evidence is lacking to guide policy on the coupled challenges of health inequalities, urban planning and climate change mitigation/adaptation, under uncertain futures of climate and demographic change.Increases in heatwaves are a robust aspect of climate change, with associated increases in health-related deaths. Cold-related mortality has declined with overall warming, yet still far outweighs the increase in heat-related deaths, and the overall burden of cold-related illness and mortality will remain high with an ageing population. Most research on health outcomes has focused on excess mortality rates and limited to broad vulnerability groupings. Health outcomes are, however, much more nuanced, being related to both physical and mental health and exacerbated by underlying conditions including neurological and mental ill health, with exposure related to context specific temperature-humidity thresholds.Therefore, there are significant gaps in our understanding of health risks (including long-term outcomes) for the most vulnerable, and how this relates to the interplay between variability of temperature hazards and outdoor/indoor exposure as driven by socio-economic gradients and mobility. We therefore envisage developing new knowledge and tools for precise risk assessment and targeted interventions, focused on disproportionately impacted groups. By doing so, we will transform our understanding of the drivers of inequalities in temperature related health outcomes and propose using this to inform policy on levelling up and pathways to climate targets.We will realise our vision through an ambitious but feasible, highly multidisciplinary project that is necessary to address this complex problem. Our aim is to transform our understanding of the risk of temperature impacts on health outcomes for vulnerable populations of England and Wales with particular focus on health inequalities, currently and for future scenarios, and identify environmental solutions, directly addressing the overarching funding call objective. Our approach is multi-scale, with high granularity in both space and time: a) linking national scale risk assessment with detailed urban case studies to understand risks at the level of streets/buildings and vulnerable groups; and b) identifying how risks change with future changes in climate, demographics, mobility and health status. National scale assessment will reveal how extremes evolve across climatic gradients and land types, and we will explore the diversity of health outcomes and identify landscape configurations and socio-economic factors that are likely to lead to higher risks, and therefore potential mitigations that are resilient to future change. Community engagement will tease out the nuances of impacts and acceptability of environmental and community-based interventions. This will feed back to the national scale to inform on mitigation, via risk reduction tools for early warning, planning and policy. Our approach will provide a far more nuanced, informed and precise risk assessment than currently exists that will allow targeted interventions to be identified, providing risk reduction where most needed.

极端温度的生理和认知影响总体上是众所周知的，主要是健康的人群，但对英国人口多样性的影响如何有所不同。特别是，患有多种健康状况的人，包括神经系统，可能受到影响最大的人，并且对于哪种干预措施（例如绿色空间）的目标较差或不存在。此外，我们没有任何工具来集成可用的数据来了解全国和必要的个人和家庭水平上的温度健康风险，因此如何针对干预措施。更广泛地说，缺乏证据来指导有关健康不平等，城市规划和气候变化缓解/适应的耦合挑战的政策，在气候和人口变化的不确定未来下。热水中的侵害是气候变化的强大方面，与健康相关死亡的相关性增加。随着整体变暖，与冷死亡的死亡率下降了，但仍然远远超过了与热有关的死亡的增加，与人口老龄化的疾病和死亡率的总体负担将保持较高。大多数关于健康结果的研究都集中在过剩的死亡率上，并且仅限于广泛的脆弱性分组。然而，健康结果更加细微，与身体和心理健康有关，并受到包括神经和精神疾病在内的潜在条件的恶化，并且与特定环境特定的温度 - 湿度阈值相关，因此，我们对健康风险（包括长期疲劳）的理解存在很大的差距，以及对最脆弱的范围以及对互动的范围，以及对体温的范围，以及对体温的范围，以及对体温的范围，以及对体温的范围，以及范围内的范围，以及对体系的变化，以及对体温的范围，以及范围内的范围，以及对体温的差异，以及范围内的范围差异，以及范围内的范围差异，并且差异是在范围内的变化，并且范围内的范围是造成的。通过社会经济梯度和流动性。因此，我们设想开发新的知识和工具，以进行精确的风险评估和针对性的干预措施，重点是受影响不成比例的群体。通过这样做，我们将改变对与温度相关的健康结果不平等的驱动因素的理解，并提议使用此措施为升级和通往气候目标的途径提供信息。我们将通过一个雄心勃勃但可行的，高度可行的多学科项目来实现我们的愿景，这是解决这个复杂问题所必需的。我们的目的是改变我们对温度对英格兰和威尔士脆弱人群影响的风险影响的理解，目前和未来情况尤其关注健康不平等现象，并确定环境解决方案，直接解决总体资金呼叫目标。我们的方法是多尺度的，在时空和时间上都具有很高的粒度：a）将国家规模的风险评估与详细的城市案例研究联系起来，以了解街道/建筑物和弱势群体的风险； b）确定风险如何随着气候，人口统计，流动性和健康状况的未来变化而变化。国家规模评估将揭示在气候梯度和土地类型之间如何发展的极端，我们将探索健康成果的多样性，并确定可能导致较高风险的景观配置和社会经济因素，因此潜在的缓解对未来变化有弹性。社区参与将取消影响和基于社区干预措施的影响和可接受性的细微差别。这将通过降低警告，计划和政策的风险工具来回到国家规模，以告知缓解措施。我们的方法将提供比目前存在的更细微，知情和精确的风险评估，这些风险评估将允许确定有针对性的干预措施，从而在大多数需要的情况下提供降低风险。