PARTITRICS

帕蒂特里克斯

• 批准号: NE/Y004248/1
• 负责人: Daniel Mayor
• 金额: $ 43.04万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF EXETER
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FY004248%2F1
• 关键词: PARTITRICS

The ocean holds fifty times as much carbon as is in the atmosphere. Biological processes contribute to storing carbon in the ocean on climate-relevant timescales (hundreds to thousands of years). Marine phytoplankton (drifting microscopic plants) use sunlight and carbon dioxide in the upper ocean to form their bodies which are rich in carbon. When phytoplankton die they might clump together and sink into the ocean interior, or they could be eaten by zooplankton (tiny animals) which produce fecal pellets that can sink rapidly. Once this organic carbon is deeper in the water, bacteria might colonise the particles and break them down, or they could be broken apart by zooplankton feeding on them. These processes all act to reduce the amount of organic carbon reaching the deep ocean, however the deeper it goes the longer it will remain out of contact with the atmosphere. This "biological carbon pump" helps to regulate our climate, and without biology in the ocean it has been shown that atmospheric carbon dioxide levels could be nearly double what they are today.Earth system models have differing, but all fairly simple, representations of the biological carbon pump due to a lack of understanding of how the processes contributing to particle formation and respiration function. The suite of models that contribute to the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change reports do not agree on the magnitude or direction of change for ocean carbon storage under future climate scenarios. This means we have low confidence for our future projections of ocean carbon storage, which is further impeded by a growing discrepancy between models and observations. In this project we will examine how much carbon has been respired during the transit from the upper ocean, and in what ways. We will measure the important processes of particle fragmentation and aggregation, microbial respiration, and zooplankton vertical migration and respiration. We will do this using a process cruise and autonomous underwater vehicles. We seek to answer the question: How is organic matter transformed and respired by biotic interactions in the mesopelagic, how does that vary with depth, location and season, and what are the consequences for ocean carbon storage? The ultimate goal is to generate new detailed understanding of important processes that influence the rate and depth of interior respiration which we will scale up to provide the globally-resolved information needed to develop the next generation of biogeochemical models.

海洋拥有的碳是大气中的五倍。生物过程有助于在与气候相关的时间标准（数百到数千年）上在海洋中储存碳。海洋浮游植物（漂流的微观植物）在上海上使用阳光和二氧化碳，形成富含碳的身体。当浮游植物死亡时，它们可能会汇合在一起并沉入海洋内部，或者可以被浮游动物（微小的动物）食用，这些动物会产生可以迅速下沉的粪便。一旦这种有机碳在水中更深，细菌可能会定居颗粒并将其分解，或者可以通过浮游动物以供食来破坏它们。这些过程都起作用，以减少到达深海的有机碳量，但是，它越深，它将与大气接触的时间越长。这种“生物碳泵”有助于调节我们的气候，并且没有海洋生物学，因此已经表明，大气中的二氧化碳水平可能几乎是它们今天的两倍。地铁系统模型有所不同，但由于缺乏对粒子形成和呼吸功能的过程的了解，因此对生物碳泵的表现都相当简单。在未来的气候情况下，有助于政府间涉及气候变化报告的模型套件并不同意海洋碳存储的变化方向。这意味着我们对我们对海洋碳储存的未来预测的信心较低，这进一步阻碍了模型和观测之间的差异。在这个项目中，我们将检查在从上海过境期间以及哪种方式呼吸了多少碳。我们将测量粒子碎片和聚集，微生物呼吸以及浮游动物垂直迁移和呼吸的重要过程。我们将使用工艺巡航和自动水下车辆进行此操作。我们试图回答以下问题：中质质量中的生物相互作用如何转化和呼吸，这与深度，位置和季节有何不同，对海洋碳储存有何影响？最终目标是对影响内部呼吸的速率和深度的重要过程产生新的详细理解，我们将扩大规模，以提供开发下一代生物地球化学模型所需的全球分辨信息。