New ways of measuring atmospheric hydrogen: paving the way for hydrogen leak quantification

测量大气氢气的新方法：为氢气泄漏量化铺平道路

• 批准号: NE/X011976/1
• 负责人: Rebecca Fisher
• 金额: $ 10.26万
• 依托单位: Royal Holloway University of London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX011976%2F1
• 关键词: New; ways; measuring; atmospheric; hydrogen

The aim of this project is to develop and demonstrate how mobile measurements of atmospheric hydrogen can be used to locate and quantify fugitive emissions of hydrogen to the atmosphere. With proposals to increase use of hydrogen as a fuel as we move towards net-zero, there is an urgent need to quantify the amount of hydrogen that will be released to the atmosphere. Hydrogen leaks easily, e.g. through joints in pipework and during vehicle fuelling. There are climate and air quality consequences of this. Hydrogen is an indirect greenhouse gas because increased amounts of hydrogen in the atmosphere will react with and reduce the amount of hydroxyl in the atmosphere, hence increasing the lifetime of methane. Increased emissions of hydrogen in the atmosphere would also lead to formation of ozone in the troposphere (another greenhouse gas and damaging to air quality) and reduce stratospheric ozone and water vapour. We need to quantify how much hydrogen will be emitted to the atmosphere, and identify where leaks are likely to occur so that better infrastructure design is implemented ahead of widespread hydrogen use in energy production. Whether or not adoption of hydrogen will lead to a positive or negative net radiative forcing depends on the hydrogen leakage rate as well as on the associated changes in carbon emissions and the method of hydrogen production. Laser spectroscopy has proved to be very useful in recent years for mobile detection of methane leaks by vehicle, aircraft and drone. Recent studies have quantified methane leak rates and shown where emissions can be cut, providing the science behind the recent Global Methane Pledge. Similar studies for hydrogen are necessary, but a suitable high precision and portable instrument is not currently available. In this project an inlet system will be built to compress and dry ambient air which will then be measured by a commercially available instrument that is designed for use in industry for measuring hydrogen in dry compressed air. The instrument oxidises hydrogen over a catalyst and then uses spectroscopic analysis of the resultant water vapour to quantify the hydrogen mole fraction. Initially the instrument will be run in the laboratory and measurements will be compared with established (but not portable) gas chromatography techniques for atmospheric hydrogen measurements. It is envisaged that this instrument will then be operational as a mobile measurement system installed in Royal Holloway's mobile greenhouse gas laboratory vehicle. Experiments will also be designed and carried out to measure leak rates of hydrogen and methane when they are blended in pipelines as is being proposed and tested in the UK. Recommendations on measurement techniques to quantify hydrogen leakage will be published. Ultimately the development of techniques to locate fugitive emissions of hydrogen that will help reduce leaks to the atmosphere will improve the climate and environment benefit of a transition to hydrogen based energy production.

该项目的目的是开发和证明如何使用大气氢的移动测量方法来定位和量化氢的逃逸排放到大气中。随着我们向净净零移动的提议增加氢作为燃料的使用，因此迫切需要量化将释放到大气的氢数量。氢很容易泄漏，例如通过管道和车辆加油期间的关节。有气候和空气质量的后果。氢是一种间接的温室气体，因为大气中增加的氢数量会与大气中的羟基反应并减少羟基的量，从而增加甲烷的寿命。大气中氢排放的增加还将导致对流层中臭氧形成（另一种温室气体和空气质量破坏），并减少平流层臭氧和水蒸气。我们需要量化将发出多少氢，并确定可能发生泄漏的地方，以便在能源生产中广泛使用氢之前实施更好的基础设施设计。氢的采用是否会导致正净辐射强迫取决于氢泄漏率以及碳排放的相关变化和氢产生方法。事实证明，激光光谱对于通过车辆，飞机和无人机移动检测甲烷泄漏非常有用。最近的研究已经量化了甲烷泄漏率，并显示了可以切断排放的位置，从而提供了最近全球甲烷承诺背后的科学。对氢的类似研究是必要的，但是目前尚无合适的高精度和便携式仪器。在该项目中，将建立一个入口系统以压缩和干燥的环境空气，然后通过商业上可用的仪器来测量该仪器，该仪器设计用于行业，用于在干燥的压缩空气中测量氢。该仪器通过催化剂氧化氢，然后使用所得水蒸气的光谱分析来量化氢摩尔分数。最初，该仪器将在实验室中运行，并将测量值与已建立的（但不是便携式）气相色谱技术进行比较，以进行大气氢测量。可以预见，该乐器将作为安装在皇家Holloway的移动温室气体实验室车辆中的移动测量系统中运行。在英国提出和测试的情况下，将设计和执行实验，以测量氢和甲烷的泄漏速率。将发布有关量化氢泄漏的测量技术的建议。最终，开发了定位氢的逃逸排放，从而有助于减少向大气的泄漏，将改善过渡到基于氢的能源生产的气候和环境益处。