The abiotic and biotic factors determining microbial respiration, a key process in ocean carbon storage (MicroRESPIRE)

决定微生物呼吸的非生物和生物因素，这是海洋碳储存的关键过程 (MicroRESPIRE)

• 批准号: NE/X008630/1
• 负责人: Carol Robinson
• 金额: $ 25.08万
• 依托单位: University of East Anglia
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FX008630%2F1
• 关键词: abiotic; biotic; factors; determining; microbial

The balance between the production of organic carbon during phytoplankton photosynthesis and its consumption by bacterial, zooplankton and phytoplankton respiration determines how much carbon can be stored in the ocean and how much remains in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. The amount of organic carbon stored in the ocean is as large as the amount of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere, and so is a key component in two global carbon cycle calculations needed to avoid a global temperature rise of more than 1.5 degrees C: the calculation of the technological and societal efforts required to achieve net zero carbon emissions and the calculation of the efficiency of ocean-based engineering approaches to directly remove carbon dioxide from the atmosphere.Yet, despite its vital role, our ability to predict how ocean carbon storage will change in the future is severely limited by our lack of understanding of how plankton respiration varies in time and space, how it is apportioned between bacteria and zooplankton and how sensitive it is to climate change-induced shifts in environmental conditions such as increasing temperature and decreasing oxygen. This woeful situation is due to the significant challenge of measuring respiration in the deep-sea and the uncoordinated way in which these respiration data are archived. This project will directly address these two problems. We will take advantage of our leadership and participation in an international programme which deploys thousands of oceanic floats measuring temperature, oxygen and organic carbon in the global ocean, in an international team of experts focused on quantifying deep-sea microbial respiration, and our experience of collating international datasets, to produce an unprecedented dataset of bacterial and zooplankton respiration. We will derive estimates of respiration based on data from floats, so that together with estimates derived from recently developed methods including underwater gliders, the new database will include respiration measurements calculated over a range of time and space scales. Crucially, respiration rates will be coupled with concurrent environmental data such as temperature, oxygen and organic carbon. This dataset will enable us to quantify the seasonal and spatial variability of respiration and derive equations describing how respiration changes with the proportion of bacteria and zooplankton present and with the chemical and physical properties of the water. These equations can then be used in climate models to better predict how respiration and therefore ocean carbon storage will change in the future with climate-change induced shifts in temperature, oxygen, organic carbon and plankton community. We will take part in a hybrid hands-on and online international training course on observations and models of deep-water respiration targeted to early career researchers from developing and developed countries to showcase the useability of the respiration database and the global array of oceanic floats. We will also prepare Science Festival exhibits on observing life in the deep ocean for schoolchildren.The deliverables of the project - a unique global open-access database of respiration measurements, new equations describing the sensitivity of respiration to changing temperature and oxygen suitable for climate models and online training materials for early career researchers - are of benefit to scientists who aim to predict how a changing climate will affect the storage of carbon in the ocean, educators who train the next generation of ocean scientists and practitioners, policy makers who need to quantify nationally determined contributions to actions limiting global warming, and scientists, engineers, lawyers, governing bodies and commercial companies designing, evaluating and implementing ocean-based carbon dioxide removal technologies.

在浮游植物光合作用期间有机碳的产生与细菌，浮游动物和浮游植物呼吸的消耗之间的平衡确定了可以在海洋中存储多少碳，并且在大气中以碳二氧化碳的含量保留了多少碳。海洋中存储的有机碳量与大气中的二氧化碳量一样大，因此，在两个全球碳循环计算中，需要在全球温度升高1.5度以上的全球温度上升中所需的关键组成部分：技术和社会努力所需的计算，以从净零碳排放量和迫切能力的计算中，即它的至关重要的作用，我们预测未来海洋碳储存将如何变化的能力受到我们对浮游生物呼吸如何在时空的变化，细菌和浮游动物之间如何分配的情况的严重限制，以及它对气候变化诱发的环境状况的敏感程度，例如温度和降低牛根的敏感性。这种悲惨的情况是由于衡量深海呼吸的重大挑战以及这些呼吸数据的不协调方式。该项目将直接解决这两个问题。我们将利用我们的领导力和参与国际计划，该计划在全球海洋中部署数千种海洋浮动，以测量温度，氧气和有机碳，在一支致力于量化深海微生物呼吸的国际专家团队中，以及我们在整理国际数据集的经验中生产了前所未有的细菌数据集，并产生了一个未前的数据。我们将根据来自浮子的数据得出呼吸的估计，因此，与来自包括水下滑翔机在内的最近开发的方法得出的估计值一起，新数据库将包括在一系列时间和空间尺度上计算出的呼吸测量值。至关重要的是，呼吸速率将与并发的环境数据（例如温度，氧气和有机碳）结合起来。该数据集将使我们能够量化呼吸的季节性和空间变异性，并得出描述呼吸如何随着细菌和浮游动物的比例而变化的方程式，以及水的化学和物理特性。然后，这些方程可以在气候模型中使用，以更好地预测未来呼吸和海洋存储将如何随着气候变化诱导的温度，氧，有机碳和浮游生物社区的变化而变化。我们将参加一项混合动力和在线国际培训课程，介绍针对来自发展中国家和发达国家早期职业研究人员的深水呼吸模型，以展示呼吸数据库和全球海洋浮球的使用情况。我们还将准备科学节目展出有关在深海中观察生活的生命的展览，该项目的可交付成果 - 一个独特的呼吸测量的开放式访问数据库，描述了呼吸对温度和氧气的敏感性的新方程式，适合不断变化的温度和氧气的敏感性适合于气候模型和在线培训材料，以对早期的培训材料受益者，这是对养育者的范围，该养生能够养育一代人，这是对养育者的范围，该习惯是对海洋的影响。海洋科学家和从业人员，需要量化对限制全球变暖行动的全国确定贡献的政策制定者以及科学家，工程师，律师，理事机构和商业公司设计，评估和实施基于海洋的二氧化碳去除技术。