A new perspective on ocean photosynthesis (N-POP)

海洋光合作用的新视角（N-POP）

• 批准号: NE/W000903/1
• 负责人: Thomas Bibby
• 金额: $ 82.76万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FW000903%2F1
• 关键词: new; perspective; ocean; photosynthesis; POP

Sunlight penetrating into the ocean is the ultimate source of energy in oceanic ecosystems. This energy sustains fisheries and catalyses biogeochemical cycles that influence the carbon cycle and ultimately climate. Single-celled photosynthetic organisms termed phytoplankton are the gatekeepers of this energy flux, achieved via the absorption of light by photosynthetic pigments such as chlorophyll. However, the range of processes in the cell that determine how this light energy is subsequently used to support growth and survival of these crucial organisms are not well characterised. This 'knowledge gap' is a result of the current paradigm that mainly considers photosynthesis in terms of the amount of 'carbon fixed' rather than 'energy captured'. Here we propose that natural phytoplankton taxa are more adaptable in their energetic metabolism than currently assumed, using different 'molecular strategies' to specifically power a range of critical cellular processes beyond carbon fixation. These different strategies potentially represent more than half of photosynthetic energy flux in many circumstances. The corresponding diversity of metabolic strategies is thus likely to represent a fundamental process through which these crucial organisms adapt to thrive across different ocean ecosystems.We will obtain an improved understanding of how phytoplankton use light energy in ocean systems, which is critical to our ability to understand how oceanic ecosystems operate and thus predict how the ecosystem services they provide (including sustaining fisheries, sequestering atmospheric CO2 and producing other climate reactive gases) may change as the global system evolves. For example, we currently use satellites to measure the colour of the ocean and hence estimate phytoplankton abundance and infer rates of primary production without a full mechanistic understanding of how these phytoplankton use the available light energy. Such understanding of the coupling of light energy capture to cellular survival, growth rate and carbon fixation is crucial for facilitating better estimates of primary production and ultimately understanding the key role of the oceanic biota in the global carbon cycle. To achieve this, we propose an observational and experimental program that will define how diverse phytoplankton communities use light energy over natural gradients in nutrient and light availability. We will undertake a research cruise encompassing the South Atlantic, as well as the iron-limited regions of the Southern Ocean, to sample natural phytoplankton communities at sea. These will be analysed to determine their rates of photosynthesis and, through molecular functional and community structure analysis, to define the processes involved in harvesting and using photosynthetic energy. The information from the natural community experiments will be extrapolated to a larger scale via network analysis and mapping approaches to generate a global understanding of how cells use light energy.Our deliverables will be an observationally and experimentally derived integrated view of the environmental and physiological controls on how phytoplankton in ocean systems actually use light energy to power all cellular processes (beyond only considering carbon fixation) (OB1 and OB2), and a global-scale synoptic synthesis of where and when different photosynthetic strategies are used by phytoplankton (OB3). We expect this to move the paradigm away from the 'carbon-centric view' to more fully consider the potentially >50% of phytoplankton light energy usage that powers the metabolisms of the organisms underpinning the productivity of ocean ecosystems.

穿透海洋的阳光是海洋生态系统中能源的最终来源。这种能量可以维持渔业，并催化影响碳循环并最终气候的生物地球化学周期。称为浮游植物的单细胞光合生物是这种能量通量的守门人，通过光合色素（例如叶绿素）吸收光，从而实现了这种能量通量。但是，细胞中确定如何使用这种光能来支持这些关键生物的生长和存活的过程范围并未得到很好的表征。这种“知识差距”是当前范式的结果，该范式主要考虑了“碳固定”而不是“捕获的能量”的数量来考虑光合作用。在这里，我们提出，使用不同的“分子策略”，天然的浮游植物分类群的能量代谢比目前所假设的更具适应性，以专门为超出碳固定以外的一系列关键细胞过程提供动力。在许多情况下，这些不同的策略可能代表了一半以上的光合能通量。因此，代谢策略的相应多样性可能代表一个基本过程，通过该过程，这些至关重要的生物可以适应在不同的海洋生态系统中蓬勃发展。我们将对浮游植物在海洋系统中使用光能的了解有了深刻的了解反应性气体）可能会随着全球系统的发展而变化。例如，我们目前使用卫星来测量海洋的颜色，因此估计了浮游植物丰度和推断初级生产的速率，而没有完全机械理解这些浮游植物如何使用可用的轻能量。这种对光能捕获与细胞生存，生长速率和碳固定的偶联的理解对于促进更好地估计原生生产和最终了解海洋生物群在全球碳循环中的关键作用至关重要。为了实现这一目标，我们提出了一个观察和实验计划，该计划将定义多样化的浮游植物群落如何在养分和光利用率中使用自然梯度的光能量。我们将进行一项研究巡游，包括南大西洋以及南大洋的铁限制区域，以对海上天然的浮游植物群落进行采样。这些将进行分析，以确定它们的光合作用速率，并通过分子功能和社区结构分析，以定义收获和使用光合能所涉及的过程。 The information from the natural community experiments will be extrapolated to a larger scale via network analysis and mapping approaches to generate a global understanding of how cells use light energy.Our deliverables will be an observationally and experimentally derived integrated view of the environmental and physiological controls on how phytoplankton in ocean systems actually use light energy to power all cellular processes (beyond only considering carbon fixation) (OB1 and OB2), and a global-scale synoptic浮游植物（OB3）使用了不同的光合策略的合成。我们希望这将使范式从“以碳为中心的视图”的速度移开，以更充分地考虑到50％的浮游植物光能用法的50％，从而为生物体的代谢提供了支持海洋生态系统生产力的代谢。