PSYCHOBIOLOGY OF ANTISOCIAL BEHAVIOR AND HEALTH

反社会行为与健康的心理生物学

• 批准号: 6097563
• 负责人: James Dee Higley
• 金额: --
• 依托单位: NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON ALCOHOL ABUSE AND ALCOHOLISM
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 至
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6097563
• 关键词: Macaca mulatta; aggression; alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; antisocial personality; behavior test; behavioral /social science research tag; behavioral genetics; cerebrospinal fluid; circadian rhythms; ethology; genotype; hydroxyindoleacetate; psychobiology; social behavior disorders; social dominance; species difference; telemetry

During the past year, our research included studies of: (1) neurobiology and behaviors that are correlated with Type II- like excessive alcohol consumption, including aggression, impulsivity, sleep and activity deficits, and reduced affiliative social behavior. These studies show that males with low CSF 5- HIAA concentrations continue to die at higher rates than subjects with high CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. They are also not sought as sexual partners by females, and inseminate females at a lower rate than males with high CSF 5-HIAAA concentrations. Of particular interest is a finding that males with low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations exhibit high rates of physical aggression, and ultimately become high in social dominance ranking. This later finding suggests that reduced serotonin turnover, as measured by low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations, and physical aggression may be adaptive under certain conditions in some environments. (2) genetic influences on low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. DNA were obtained from 150 males to assess the rate that males with low and high CSF 5-HIAA concentrations produce offspring. (3) long- term continuity of interindividual differences in CSF 5-HIAA concentrations. These studies show that like personality and temperament individual differences in CSF 5-HIAA concentrations are stable across time, and across a number of different environmental situations. Subjects with low CSF 5-HIAA concentrations continued to show low CSF 5-HIAA across repeated samplings from 18 months of age through their sixth year of life. Studies of females macaques first sampled in the naturalistic island environment showed that individual differences in CSF 5- HIAA concentrations were positively correlated between the island conditions, a single-cage, and a new social group environment two years later. This finding suggests that individual differences in CNS serotonin functioning is trait-like, showing interindividual stability across time and setting. (4) acquisition of social dominance in females removed from the naturalistic environment. Unlike the males studied above, in the absence of their family members, our studies showed that females with high CSF 5-HIAA concentrations were more likely to build friendships and coalitions which eventually led to high social dominance. Aggression was not correlated with social dominance. High rates of wounding were negatively correlated with CSF 5-HIAA concentrations.

在过去的一年里，我们的研究包括 (1) 与 II 型相关的神经生物学和行为 比如过度饮酒，包括攻击性行为， 冲动、睡眠和活动不足以及社交关系减少 行为。这些研究表明，CSF 5-HIAA 较低的男性 浓度继续高于受试者的死亡率 CSF 5-HIAA 浓度高。他们也不被视为 性伴侣为女性，且女性受精率较低 与 CSF 5-HIAAA 浓度高的男性相比。特别是 兴趣是发现 CSF 5-HIAA 低的男性 浓度表现出很高的身体攻击率，并且 最终在社会统治排名中名列前茅。这个稍后 研究结果表明，血清素周转率降低（通过测量） 脑脊液 5-HIAA 浓度低，身体攻击可能会 在某些环境中的某些条件下具有适应性。 (2)遗传 对低 CSF 5-HIAA 浓度的影响。 DNA 是 从 150 名男性中获取，以评估男性患有低血压和低血压的比率 高 CSF 5-HIAA 浓度产生后代。 (3)长期 CSF 5-HIAA 个体间差异的连续性 浓度。这些研究表明，性格和 CSF 5-HIAA 浓度的气质个体差异 在不同时间和不同的情况下都是稳定的 环境情况。 CSF 5-HIAA 低的受试者 脑脊液 5-HIAA 浓度持续较低 从 18 个月大到第六年重复取样 的生活。对雌性猕猴的研究首次在自然主义中取样 岛屿环境表明，CSF 5-的个体差异 岛内 HIAA 浓度呈正相关 条件、单笼、新的社会群体环境二 几年后。这一发现表明中枢神经系统的个体差异 血清素功能与特征类似，表现出个体间的稳定性 跨越时间和环境。 (4) 取得社会统治地位 女性脱离了自然环境。与 上面研究的男性，在没有家人的情况下，我们的 研究表明，脑脊液 5-HIAA 浓度较高的女性 更有可能建立友谊和联盟 最终形成了高度的社会统治地位。侵略性不是 与社会支配地位相关。受伤率很高 与 CSF 5-HIAA 浓度呈负相关。