RAT RESEARCH COMPONENT

大鼠研究部分

• 批准号: 6267100
• 负责人: JAMES M MURPHY
• 金额: $ 21.25万
• 依托单位: INDIANA UNIV-PURDUE UNIV AT INDIANAPOLIS
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-12-01 至 1998-11-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6267100
• 关键词: alcoholic beverage consumption; alcoholism /alcohol abuse; anxiety; attention; autonomic nervous system; behavioral genetics; behavioral habituation /sensitization; choice; disease /disorder model; dorsal raphe nucleus; drug interactions; drug tolerance; electrophysiology; ethology; gender difference; genetic susceptibility; laboratory rat; microdialysis; neurobiology; open field behavior; personality; phenotype; preference; psychological tests; reinforcer; serotonin; statistics /biometry

The majority of people who drink alcohol drink moderate amounts without serious consequences, but for a subset of individuals, drinking becomes excessive, leading to serious medical, social and legal consequences. The medical consequences alone may reduce expected life span by as much as 20 years; the social and legal consequences, including accidents, conflict with family and friends, job loss and arrest, severely decrease the quality of that shortened life. Recently, it has been recognized that individual differences in liability for alcohol abuse and alcoholism are associated with inherited personality traits. In particular, two patterns have been identified, 1) the disinhibited personality in which alcoholism accompanies high novelty-seeking, risk-taking, and indifference to social rewards and 2) the anxious personality, in which alcohol serves to reduce anxiety. In the present proposal, rats genetically selected for high or low levels of voluntary consumption of alcohol will be tested in models of disinhibition and anxiety to identify the precise neurobiological mechanisms that link each of these behaviors with alcohol drinking. Project 1 combines behavioral and physiological measures to assess the relationship between responses to novelty, attention, anxiety and anticipation to alcohol drinking. In project 2, behavioral and neurobiological techniques are combined to assess differences in brain arousal and inhibitory systems in the genetically selected lines. Project 3 explores the role of the mesocorticolimbic dopamine system in responses to novelty and alcohol drinking. By developing a better understanding of the inherited influences alcohol drinking, the basic biological mechanisms that increase individual liability for alcoholism can be better understood, and targeted strategies for prevention and treatment developed.

大多数喝酒中等饮料的人没有 严重的后果，但对于个人的一部分，饮酒变成了 过度，导致严重的医疗，社会和法律后果。 这 仅医疗后果就可以将预期寿命减少多达20 年;社会和法律后果，包括事故，冲突 与家人和朋友一起失业和逮捕，严重降低了 缩短生活的质量。 最近，已经认识到 酗酒和酒精中毒责任的个体差异是 与继承的人格特征相关。 特别是两种模式 已经识别出，1）酗酒的被抑制人格 伴随着高新颖的寻求新颖，冒险和对社会的冷漠 奖励和2）焦虑的性格，其中酒精可以减少 焦虑。 在本提案中，大鼠遗传选择高或 在模型中将测试低水平的酒精消费 抑制和焦虑以识别精确的神经生物学 将这些行为中的每一种与饮酒联系起来的机制。 项目1结合了行为和生理措施，以评估 对新颖性，注意力，焦虑和 期待饮酒。 在项目2中，行为和 合并神经生物学技术以评估大脑的差异 遗传选择的线中的唤醒和抑制系统。项目 3探讨了中皮质脂胺多巴胺系统在反应中的作用 饮酒和饮酒。通过更好地理解 继承影响饮酒，这是基本的生物学机制 增加对酒精中毒的个人责任可能会更好 理解和针对预防和治疗的策略 发达。