How does land management influence FIre REsilience and carbon fate in BLANKET bogs? (FIRE BLANKET)

土地管理如何影响 BLANKET 沼泽的防火能力和碳命运？

• 批准号: NE/T006528/1
• 负责人: Roxane Andersen
• 金额: $ 5.18万
• 依托单位: University of the Highlands and Islands
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2019
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2019 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FT006528%2F1
• 关键词: How; does; land; management; influence

In good condition, peatlands are the most efficient soil carbon store, regulate freshwater and climate, and maintain biodiversity. However, management interventions can jeopardise the delivery of all these services by destabilising the vast C store that peat has locked away over thousands of years. In the UK, up to 80% of UK peatlands are damaged and release carbon back to the atmosphere as greenhouse gases like CO2 and methane, which amplify climate change in the same way that fossil fuels do. Furthermore, destabilisation of the peat carbon store can alter the flow and the quality of water within the peatlands and into streams, rivers and all the way to the sea. This can affect drinking water supplies as well as freshwater and marine habitats and wildlife. Importantly, disturbed peatlands may also become more vulnerable to stress, including severe drought and wildfires - events which are predicted to increase with future climate change.Understanding how land-use interacts with climate extremes in peatlands is essential to inform which management practices are likely to best maintain and enhance peatland carbon storage. However, this is notoriously challenging to achieve. Indeed, climate extremes are rare and ephemeral by nature, and therefore can only be opportunistically studied. In addition, their effects can only be truly assessed where high-quality ground-based observations pre-date a given extreme event, and where data from both impacted and similar control areas can be compared afterwards. These conditions rarely come together, but when they do, they provide unique opportunities. Following a dry and warm spring, in mid-May 2019, a large wildfire burnt approximately >60 km2 within the Flow Country peatlands of Caithness and Sutherland, North Scotland. Covering 4000km2, the Flow Country is a site of global significance currently under consideration for UNESCO World Heritage Site status. Nevertheless, it has also been substantially modified in places by drainage and notably forestry (with non-native conifer trees), making those areas particularly vulnerable to catastrophic deep burning. Unlike other wildfires in the UK, the May 2019 Flow Country fire covers an exceptionally large area that includes peatlands in a range of conditions: drained, drained and afforested, under restoration (through forestry removal and drain blocking) and near-natural. These areas are also actively used for scientific research, with a wide range of prior data and a mature collaborative network of researchers and land managers currently in place. The May Flow Country fire has therefore created an unprecedented and urgent opportunity to quantify the interacting effects of fire, drought and past human interventions on peatland carbon storage and water quality.We want to seize this opportunity. First, we want to compare burn severity, carbon losses during the fire, and initial recovery across the different peatland management types. To do that, we will combine ground measurements, UAV images and a newly validated method that uses satellite radar data to measure peat surface motion. This method works because the peat surface motion is a direct response to water storage in the peat, and the type of plants on the peat surface. These in turn are the main indicators of peat condition. By comparing data in the periods prior to and after the wildfire, we can examine the ability of peatland to recover from such an event. Secondly, we will measure aqueous and gaseous carbon emissions across a range of burnt and unburnt land-uses and we will quantify changes in the quantity and quality of dissolved organic matter, in order to understand how changes attributed to the fire alter the fate of peatland C. Finally, we will use our new knowledge and consult with land managers to compare how different management strategies of forestry and forest-to-bog restoration influence fire risk and damage in order to make recommendations for management and policy.

在良好的条件下，泥炭地是最有效的土壤碳储存，调节淡水和气候，并维持生物多样性。然而，管理干预可能会破坏泥炭锁定了数千年的巨大 C 库的稳定性，从而危及所有这些服务的提供。在英国，高达 80% 的泥炭地遭到破坏，并将碳以二氧化碳和甲烷等温室气体的形式释放回大气中，这与化石燃料一样加剧了气候变化。此外，泥炭碳储存的不稳定会改变泥炭地内以及流入溪流、河流直至海洋的水流和质量。这可能会影响饮用水供应以及淡水和海洋栖息地和野生动物。重要的是，受到干扰的泥炭地也可能更容易受到压力，包括严重干旱和野火 - 预计这些事件会随着未来气候变化而增加。了解土地利用如何与泥炭地极端气候相互作用对于了解哪些管理实践可能会产生影响至关重要最好地维持和增强泥炭地碳储存。然而，众所周知，实现这一目标非常具有挑战性。事实上，极端气候本质上是罕见且短暂的，因此只能投机研究。此外，只有在特定极端事件发生之前进行高质量的地面观测，并且事后可以比较受影响区域和类似控制区域的数据，才能真正评估其影响。这些条件很少同时出现，但当它们同时出现时，就会提供独特的机会。继干燥温暖的春季之后，2019 年 5 月中旬，苏格兰北部凯斯内斯和萨瑟兰的流乡泥炭地发生了一场大火，燃烧面积约超过 60 平方公里。流域占地 4000 平方公里，是一处具有全球意义的遗址，目前正在考虑列入联合国教科文组织世界遗产名录。然而，排水系统，特别是林业（非本地针叶树）也对一些地方的环境造成了重大影响，使这些地区特别容易遭受灾难性的深度燃烧。与英国其他野火不同，2019 年 5 月发生的 Flow Country 火灾覆盖范围特别大，其中包括处于各种状况的泥炭地：排水、排水和绿化、正在恢复（通过林业清除和排水沟堵塞）和接近自然状态。这些领域还积极用于科学研究，拥有广泛的先前数据以及目前成熟的研究人员和土地管理者协作网络。因此，五月流乡村火灾创造了一个前所未有的紧迫机会，可以量化火灾、干旱和过去人类干预对泥炭地碳储存和水质的相互作用影响。我们希望抓住这个机会。首先，我们想要比较不同泥炭地管理类型的燃烧严重程度、火灾期间的碳损失以及初始恢复。为此，我们将结合地面测量、无人机图像和一种新验证的方法，该方法使用卫星雷达数据来测量泥炭表面运动。这种方法之所以有效，是因为泥炭表面运动是对泥炭中的水储存以及泥炭表面上的植物类型的直接响应。这些又是泥炭状况的主要指标。通过比较野火前后的数据，我们可以检查泥炭地从此类事件中恢复的能力。其次，我们将测量一系列燃烧和未燃烧土地利用的水和气态碳排放，并量化溶解有机物的数量和质量的变化，以了解火灾造成的变化如何改变泥炭地的命运C. 最后，我们将利用我们的新知识并咨询土地管理者，比较林业和森林恢复沼泽的不同管理策略如何影响火灾风险和损害，以便提出管理和政策建议。

项目成果

Blanket bog vegetation response to wildfire and drainage suggests resilience to low severity, infrequent burning

• DOI: 10.1186/s42408-024-00256-0
• 发表时间: 2024-03-14
• 期刊: FIRE ECOLOGY
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Andersen，Roxane;Fernandez-Garcia，Paula;Hancock，Mark H.
• 通讯作者: Hancock，Mark H.

Impact of land management on fire resilience and carbon fate in blanket bogs: The FireBlanket project

土地管理对毯状沼泽的防火能力和碳归宿的影响：FireBlanket 项目

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-9505
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Andersen R

Effects of peatland management on aquatic carbon concentrations and fluxes

泥炭地管理对水生碳浓度和通量的影响

• DOI: 10.5194/bg-19-1321-2022
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Biogeosciences
• 影响因子: 4.9
• 作者: Pickard A

How does wildfire impact carbon delivery to peatland drainage networks?

野火如何影响泥炭地排水网络的碳输送？

• DOI: 10.5194/egusphere-egu21-16046
• 发表时间: 2021
• 作者: Pickard A

Wildfire and degradation accelerate northern peatland carbon release

• DOI: 10.1038/s41558-023-01657-w
• 发表时间: 2023-04
• 期刊: Nature Climate Change
• 影响因子: 30.7
• 作者: S. Wilkinson;R. Andersen;P. Moore;S. Davidson;G. Granath;J. Waddington