Ecological and evolutionary effects of climate change on rainforest food webs

气候变化对雨林食物网的生态和进化影响

基本信息

批准号：
NE/N01037X/1
负责人：
Jonathan Bridle
金额：
$ 28.11万
依托单位：
University of Bristol
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2016
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2016 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN01037X%2F1
关键词：
Ecological evolutionary effects climate change

项目摘要

Ecological communities are complex, interacting networks of species, linked by competition, mutualism, predation and parasitism. In the 'Origin of Species', Charles Darwin famously wrote of 'an entangled bank', comprising a bewildering richness of species and an even more complex web of connections among them. Fundamentally, ecologists and evolutionary biologists seek to unravel this complexity, by establishing why species occur where they do, why they replace each other under certain conditions, and how the species interactions that make up ecosystems will change as environments change. As the climate warms and extreme events become more frequent, existing connections between species are changing in strength, or being severed completely; and new connections are forming as species change in abundance and shift their distributions (e.g. colonising cooler habitats, while becoming locally extinct in warmer habitats). Biologists use information about the range of temperatures where species currently occur to predict where species will occur in a future, warmer world. However, better predictions about the consequences of climate change will be possible if we can also take into account changing interactions between species, as well as the potential for species to evolve to cope with new conditions.We urgently need to test how whole food webs of interacting species are structured by biological processes (e.g. competition and predation) and by temperature, and how these ecological networks will respond to climate change. It is also important to test the extent to which current adaptive divergence across species' geographical ranges will increase their resilience to future climate change. To achieve this, our project will exploit a unique model system (Drosophila fruit-flies and parasitic wasps that are associated with them, called parasitoids) in a high-diversity ecosystem threatened by climate change (Australian tropical rainforests). With this system we will use field observations, field transplant experiments and mathematical models to test: (i) what determines species' local distributions and food web structure; (ii) the responses of natural and simulated networks of interacting species to simulated climate change; and (iii) the underlying mechanisms driving these changes, including the effects of genetic variation among populations within species and the potential for rapid evolutionary adaptation to warmer temperatures. The outcome will be a better and more predictive understanding of how climate change will affect the biotic interactions that characterise biodiversity and underpin the functions and services of natural ecosystems.

生态群落是复杂的、相互作用的物种网络，通过竞争、互利共生、捕食和寄生联系在一起。查尔斯·达尔文在《物种起源》中写到了“一座纠缠的银行”，其中包括令人眼花缭乱的丰富物种以及它们之间更加复杂的联系网络。从根本上说，生态学家和进化生物学家试图通过确定物种出现在它们所在的地方的原因、它们为什么在某些条件下相互替换以及构成生态系统的物种相互作用将如何随着环境的变化而变化来解开这种复杂性。随着气候变暖和极端事件变得更加频繁，物种之间现有的联系正在改变强度，或者被完全切断；随着物种数量的变化和分布的改变（例如，在较冷的栖息地殖民，而在较温暖的栖息地局部灭绝），新的联系正在形成。生物学家利用有关物种当前出现的温度范围的信息来预测未来更温暖的世界中物种将出现的位置。然而，如果我们还能够考虑到物种之间不断变化的相互作用，以及物种进化以应对新条件的潜力，那么就可以更好地预测气候变化的后果。我们迫切需要测试整个食物网如何影响气候变化。相互作用的物种是由生物过程（例如竞争和捕食）和温度以及这些生态网络如何应对气候变化构成的。同样重要的是，测试目前跨物种地理范围的适应性差异将在多大程度上提高它们对未来气候变化的适应能力。为了实现这一目标，我们的项目将在受气候变化威胁的高多样性生态系统（澳大利亚热带雨林）中开发一个独特的模型系统（果蝇和与之相关的寄生黄蜂，称为寄生蜂）。通过这个系统，我们将使用实地观察、实地移植实验和数学模型来测试：（i）是什么决定了物种的局部分布和食物网结构； (ii) 相互作用物种的自然和模拟网络对模拟气候变化的反应； (iii) 驱动这些变化的潜在机制，包括物种内种群间遗传变异的影响以及快速进化适应温暖气温的潜力。其结果将是更好地、更具预测性地了解气候变化将如何影响生物相互作用，而生物相互作用是生物多样性的特征并支撑自然生态系统的功能和服务。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Longer photoperiods through range shifts and artificial light lead to a destabilizing increase in host-parasitoid interaction strength.

通过范围变化和人造光延长光周期会导致宿主与寄生蜂相互作用强度的不稳定增加。

DOI：
http://dx.10.1111/1365-2656.13328
发表时间：
2020
期刊：
The Journal of animal ecology
影响因子：
0
作者：
Kehoe R
通讯作者：
Kehoe R

Understanding the biology of species' ranges: when and how does evolution change the rules of ecological engagement?

了解物种分布范围的生物学：进化何时以及如何改变生态参与规则？

DOI：
http://dx.10.1098/rstb.2021.0027
发表时间：
2022
期刊：
Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences
影响因子：
0
作者：
Bridle J
通讯作者：
Bridle J

Haplotype tagging reveals parallel formation of hybrid races in two butterfly species.

单倍型标记揭示了两个蝴蝶物种中杂交种族的平行形成。

DOI：
http://dx.10.1073/pnas.2015005118
发表时间：
2021
期刊：
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
影响因子：
11.1
作者：
Meier JI
通讯作者：
Meier JI

Plasticity and the costs of incorrect responses.

可塑性和错误反应的成本。