Vulnerability of proximal infrastructure to sand washout from burst water pipes and leaking sewers

邻近基础设施容易遭受水管爆裂和下水道泄漏的沙子冲刷

基本信息

批准号：
NE/M008320/1
负责人：
Simon Jude
金额：
$ 2.52万
依托单位：
CRANFIELD UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FM008320%2F1
关键词：
Vulnerability proximal infrastructure sand washout

项目摘要

This research will address a rarely considered environmental infrastructure risk, by establishing the impact on proximal infrastructure from cavitation, caused by burst water mains and leaking sewers in sandy soils.Sandy soil is particularly susceptible to erosional processes or washout, with excess water resulting in running-sand conditions. When a water pipe leaks in sandy soil, the high pressure of the water can wash away significant amounts of the surrounding soil, leading to the formation of cavities. Sewers with poor structural integrity (for example old and displaced joints with leaks) then the daily fluctuations in flow rate can cause alternating exfiltration and infiltration. In sandy soils this will cause fines to be washed into the sewer and cause cavities over a longer term. When such leaks go unnoticed for prolonged periods of time, or where the burst is severe, very large cavities can form, and damage proximal infrastructure. The failure of water pipes represents a spatial interdependency with other forms of both buried and above-ground infrastructure potentially triggering cascading or escalating failures. 25% of the water distribution network in East Anglia is laid in sandy soils. Sandy soils contain more than 70% by weight sand-sized particles (0.06 to 2.0mm). The consequences of pipe failures in sandy soils can be severe due to the increasingly interconnected nature of infrastructure, resulting in interdependencies between infrastructure systems and the services that rely upon them. Such interdependencies are of increasing concern because of the potential for complex forms of system failures. Local roads can fail under the weight of traffic; buses became trapped in roads in Holbrook, Suffolk (June 2014) and Weston-super-Mare (March 2014) as a result of burst water mains. Sewers can lose vital support, leading to collapse. Houses and even large buildings can subside; Cwmbran County Hall was condemned with cavities underneath it due to leaking pipes (Oct. 2012). Proximal plastic gas pipes and cables can fail under the abrasive action of the sand and pressurised water. Escape of gas poses serious health and safety issues, while the ingress of water into a gas pipe leads to expensive repairs for the gas utility and prolonged loss of service for customers.The National Soil Map identifies the locations of sandy soils. However, current understanding of the actual risk these pose to infrastructure is lacking amongst infrastructure operators. This project will establish and communicate this impact.Research by the applicants, including detailed analysis of the climate change adaptation reports submitted to Defra under the first round of the Adaptation Reporting Power have highlighted significant gaps in infrastructure operators' awareness of the spatial distribution of risks, and a lack of awareness of sand wash-out processes. Furthermore, traditional risk assessment approaches are commonly 'siloed', focusing on specific organisations and individual asset types and operations in isolation, thus lacking the systems perspective required to identify and assess complexity (secondary effects, impacts and risks) and interdependencies.This project will address these knowledge gaps and challenges by developing methods to determine the vulnerability of proximal infrastructure to sand wash out from water mains and sewers. It will also investigate 3D visualisation approaches for communicating interdependencies and complexity, together with the study's implications/challenges for infrastructure operators and regulatory processes. Advantages for stakeholders will include new evidence to inform decision making on this emerging risk to infrastructure resilience from sand washout. The use of this evidence in asset management plans (AMP) will be a practical outcome of this work.

这项研究将通过确定沙质土壤中水管爆裂和下水道泄漏引起的气蚀对邻近基础设施的影响，解决很少考虑的环境基础设施风险。沙质土壤特别容易受到侵蚀过程或冲刷，过量的水会导致流淌。 -沙地条件。当沙土中的水管泄漏时，高压水会冲走大量周围的土壤，导致形成空洞。结构完整性较差的下水道（例如，接头陈旧且移位且有泄漏），则流量的日常波动可能会导致交替的渗漏和渗透。在沙质土壤中，这会导致细粉被冲入下水道，并在较长时间内导致蛀牙。当此类泄漏长时间未被注意到，或者爆裂严重时，可能会形成非常大的空洞，并损坏附近的基础设施。水管的故障代表了与其他形式的埋地和地上基础设施的空间相互依赖性，可能引发级联或升级故障。东安格利亚 25% 的供水管网铺设在沙质土壤中。沙土含有超过 70% 重量的沙粒（0.06 至 2.0 毫米）。由于基础设施的互联性日益增强，沙土中的管道故障后果可能会很严重，导致基础设施系统和依赖它们的服务之间相互依赖。由于可能出现复杂形式的系统故障，这种相互依赖性越来越受到关注。当地道路可能会因交通压力而瘫痪；由于水管爆裂，萨福克郡霍尔布鲁克（2014 年 6 月）和滨海韦斯顿（2014 年 3 月）的公交车被困在道路上。下水道可能会失去重要的支撑，导致倒塌。房屋甚至大型建筑物都会下沉； Cwmbran 县政府因管道泄漏而导致其下方出现空洞（2012 年 10 月）。在沙子和加压水的磨损作用下，近端塑料燃气管道和电缆可能会失效。天然气泄漏会造成严重的健康和安全问题，而水进入燃气管道会导致燃气公司的昂贵维修费用和客户服务的长期中断。国家土壤地图确定了沙质土壤的位置。然而，目前基础设施运营商对这些对基础设施造成的实际风险缺乏了解。该项目将确定并传达这种影响。申请人的研究，包括对第一轮适应报告权下向 Defra 提交的气候变化适应报告的详细分析，突显了基础设施运营商对风险空间分布的认识存在显着差距。，以及缺乏对冲砂过程的认识。此外，传统的风险评估方法通常是“孤立的”，专注于特定的组织和单独的资产类型以及孤立的运营，因此缺乏识别和评估复杂性（次级效应、影响和风险）和相互依赖性所需的系统视角。该项目将通过制定方法来确定邻近基础设施对水管和下水道沙子冲刷的脆弱性，以解决这些知识差距和挑战。它还将研究用于传达相互依赖性和复杂性的 3D 可视化方法，以及该研究对基础设施运营商和监管流程的影响/挑战。利益相关者的优势将包括新的证据，为有关沙子冲刷对基础设施恢复能力带来的新风险的决策提供信息。在资产管理计划（AMP）中使用这些证据将是这项工作的实际成果。