London GHG

伦敦温室气体

基本信息

批准号：
NE/R000921/1
负责人：
Roderic Jones
金额：
$ 82.71万
依托单位：
University of Cambridge
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2018
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2018 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FR000921%2F1
关键词：
London GHG

项目摘要

With the adoption of the Paris climate agreement in December 2015, 197 countries have agreed to act to limit the growth in greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and. As part of this agreement, these countries will provide enhanced transparency in their greenhouse gas emission reporting. An important element of this will be to ensure that there is independent confirmation that signatories are meeting their obligations.It is widely recognised therefore that monitoring GHGs in the atmosphere is needed to underpin verification methods which can provide critical confirmatory evidence of compliance. Cities, where a majority of human-caused greenhouse gases originate, are ideal testing grounds for different emissions verification methods. For example, multi-million dollar "megacities" projects have recently been developed and deployed in cities such as Los Angeles and Indianapolis, in these cases with emissions being verified using combinations of surface, aircraft-based and space-based instrumentation. Those projects are ground-breaking and have been successful, particularly in engaging local communities and policy makers in the global climate debate. However, the expense and complexity of these multi-platform projects severely limit the scope for rolling out similar efforts across the necessary hundreds of major cities, particularly in the developing world. Furthermore, it is important to rigorously quantify (as well as reduce) the uncertainties in emissions if this information is to be transparent and policy-relevant. Therefore, in this proposal we set out the following objectives:1: Adapt and deploy new low cost sensor network technologies to measure CO2, CO and CH4 at precisions and accuracies appropriate for accurate urban-scale emissions evaluation.2: Develop a high-resolution trace gas "inverse" method for estimating emissions using atmospheric measurements, which quantifies uncertainties more exhaustively than previous studies.3: Undertake a case study for the first high-resolution emissions evaluation of CO2, and CH4 in and around London using a network of 20 new-generation, autonomous sensor packages.Recent developments in low cost optical sensors for carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) provide the basis for trace level sensor networks for these important greenhouse gases. This proposal is to couple these sensors with recent developments in low cost sensor network calibration and assimilation methodologies to create a GHG emission monitoring network system across London. The observations will be interpreted using state of the art inversion methodologies applied to a combined urban dispersion and atmospheric transport models. We will combine this sensor network with observations from the UK DECC/BEIS network, the Royal Holloway University of London monitoring site, and satellite instruments to produce a integrated comprehensive high-resolution picture of London's GHG emissions.This project brings together world-leading teams in sensor network technologies and emissions estimation techniques, along with a team of actively engaged stakeholders. The main deliverables are:- The creation and validation of a low cost GHG sensor network emissions methodology- The optimisation and deployment of a dense sensor network for GHG monitoring and source attribution across London. - CO2 and CH4 emissions estimates for Greater London for a 12 month period.London is the main focus of this proposal, however, the overarching aim is to develop and validate a methodology that would have wider applicability, both to other geographic locations and magacities and the extension to other GHGs (e.g. N2O) when suitable sensors become available. In doing so we would provide a tool both to inform GHG mitigation policy and, in the longer term, to provide improved evaluation of expected GHG reductions on the regional scales and below.

随着 2015 年 12 月巴黎气候协议的通过，197 个国家同意采取行动限制温室气体 (GHG) 排放的增长。作为该协议的一部分，这些国家将提高其温室气体排放报告的透明度。其中一个重要因素是确保签署方履行其义务的独立确认。因此，人们普遍认识到，需要监测大气中的温室气体来支持核查方法，从而提供关键的合规确认证据。城市是大多数人为温室气体的来源地，是不同排放验证方法的理想试验场。例如，最近在洛杉矶和印第安纳波利斯等城市开发和部署了耗资数百万美元的“超大城市”项目，在这些情况下，使用地面、机载和天基仪器的组合来验证排放。这些项目具有开创性并且取得了成功，特别是在让当地社区和政策制定者参与全球气候辩论方面。然而，这些多平台项目的费用和复杂性严重限制了在数百个主要城市（特别是发展中国家）开展类似工作的范围。此外，如果要使这些信息透明并与政策相关，严格量化（并减少）排放的不确定性非常重要。因此，在本提案中，我们制定了以下目标：1：采用和部署新的低成本传感器网络技术，以适合准确的城市规模排放评估的精度和准确度测量 CO2、CO 和 CH4。2：开发高分辨率的传感器网络使用大气测量来估算排放量的微量气体“逆”方法，该方法比以前的研究更详尽地量化了不确定性。3：利用伦敦及其周边地区的网络，对伦敦及其周边地区的二氧化碳和甲烷进行首次高分辨率排放评估的案例研究20 个新一代自主传感器套件。二氧化碳 (CO2) 和甲烷 (CH4) 低成本光学传感器的最新发展为这些重要温室气体的痕量级传感器网络奠定了基础。该提案旨在将这些传感器与低成本传感器网络校准和同化方法的最新发展结合起来，在伦敦创建一个温室气体排放监测网络系统。将使用应用于城市扩散和大气传输组合模型的最先进的反演方法来解释观测结果。我们将把这个传感器网络与英国 DECC/BEIS 网络、伦敦皇家霍洛威大学监测站和卫星仪器的观测结果结合起来，生成伦敦温室气体排放的综合全面高分辨率图像。该项目汇集了世界领先的团队传感器网络技术和排放估算技术，以及一群积极参与的利益相关者。主要成果是： - 创建和验证低成本温室气体传感器网络排放方法 - 优化和部署密集传感器网络，用于整个伦敦的温室气体监测和源归因。 - 大伦敦地区 12 个月期间的 CO2 和 CH4 排放量估算。伦敦是该提案的主要焦点，但总体目标是开发和验证一种具有更广泛适用性的方法，无论是在其他地理位置还是在其他地区，当合适的传感器可用时，可扩展到其他温室气体（例如 N2O）。在此过程中，我们将提供一个工具，既为温室气体减排政策提供信息，又从长远来看，为区域及以下规模的预期温室气体减排提供改进的评估。