NSFGEO-NERC: Southern Ocean diatoms and climate change: quantifying the relative roles of diversity and plasticity in evolution

NSFGEO-NERC：南大洋硅藻与气候变化：量化进化中多样性和可塑性的相对作用

• 批准号: NE/P006981/1
• 负责人: Sinead Collins
• 金额: $ 29.6万
• 依托单位: University of Edinburgh
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP006981%2F1
• 关键词: NSFGEO; NERC; Southern; Ocean; diatoms

It is well known that climate change is rapidly altering polar habitats. However, it is largely unknown how organisms in those habitats will evolve and adapt in response to climate change. This hampers efforts to predict future changes in marine ecosystems. This research will examine how diatoms, an important group of plankton in the Southern Ocean, adapt to environmental change. During a research cruise to the Southern Ocean, diatoms will be sampled from different regions of the Southern Ocean, including the Drake Passage, the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea. Samples will be processed to examine genetic diversity in the field. In the lab, evolution experiments will be conducted to measure the rates of adaptation to increasing temperature and ocean acidification. Data on the diversity of field populations combined with data on rates of adaptability will provide key insights into the "evolvability" of marine diatoms. This project will support a doctoral student and a postdoctoral researcher as well as several undergraduates. These scientists will learn the fundamentals of experimental evolution, a skill set that is sorely needed in the field of ocean climate change biology. The project also includes a collaboration with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting. The Metcalf Institute will design and implement a session focused on current research related to evolution and climate change to be held at the annual conference of the National Association of Science Writers (NASW). Although it is well understood that climate change is rapidly altering polar habitats, the evolutionary response of cold-adapted, biogeochemically important phytoplankton is essentially unknown and represents a major knowledge gap that hampers efforts to predict future changes at the base of the marine food web. Both physiological and genetic variation are key parameters for understanding evolutionary processes in phytoplankton but they are essentially unknown for Southern Ocean diatoms. The extent of these two factors in field populations (physiological and genetic variation) and the interaction between them will influence how and whether cold-adapted diatoms can respond to changing environments. This project is focused on diatoms and includes a combination of a) field work to identify genetic diversity within diatoms across the Drake Passage, the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean and the Ross Sea, b) experiments in the lab to assess the range of physiological variation in contemporary populations of diatoms and c) evolution experiments in the lab to assess how the combination of genetic diversity and physiological variation influence the evolutionary potential of diatoms under a changing environment. This research will uncover general relationships between physiological variation, genetic diversity, and evolutionary potential that may apply across microbial taxa and geographical regions, substantially improving efforts to predict shifts in marine ecosystems under global change. Results from this study can be integrated into developing models that incorporate evolution to predict ecosystem changes under future climate change scenarios. This project will support a doctoral student and a postdoctoral researcher as well as several undergraduates. These scientists will learn the fundamentals of experimental evolution, a skill set that is sorely needed in the field of ocean climate change biology. The project also includes a collaboration with the Metcalf Institute for Marine and Environmental Reporting. The Metcalf Institute will design and implement a session focused on current research related to evolution and climate change to be held at the annual conference of the National Association of Science Writers (NASW).

众所周知，气候变化正在迅速改变极性栖息地。但是，这些栖息地中的生物在很大程度上尚不清楚如何发展和适应气候变化。这阻碍了预测海洋生态系统未来变化的努力。这项研究将研究硅藻是南大洋中重要的浮游生物群如何适应环境变化。在向南大洋的研究巡游中，将从南大洋的不同地区进行采样，包括德雷克通道，南大洋和罗斯海的太平洋地区。样品将进行处理以检查该领域的遗传多样性。在实验室中，将进行进化实验，以衡量适应温度和海洋酸化的速率。关于现场种群多样性以及适应性速率数据的数据，将为海洋硅藻的“可发展性”提供关键的见解。该项目将支持博士生和博士后研究人员以及几位大学生。这些科学家将学习实验进化的基本原理，这是海洋气候变化生物学领域迫切需要的技能。该项目还包括与METCALF海洋与环境报告的合作。 METCALF Institute将在全国科学作家协会（NASW）年度会议上设计和实施一项针对与进化和气候变化有关的当前研究的会议。尽管众所周知，气候变化正在迅速改变极性栖息地，但冷适应的，生物地球化学上重要的浮游植物的进化反应本质上是未知的，并且代表了一个主要的知识差距，这阻碍了预测海洋食品网基底部未来变化的努力。生理和遗传变异都是理解浮游植物进化过程的关键参数，但对于南部大洋硅藻来说，它们本质上是未知的。现场种群中这两个因素的程度（生理和遗传变异）以及它们之间的相互作用将影响如何以及冷适应的硅藻是否可以响应不断变化的环境。该项目的重点是硅藻，包括a）田间工作，以识别整个德雷克通道中硅藻内的遗传多样性，南方大洋和罗斯海的太平洋部门，b）实验室中的实验，b）在实验室中进行实验，以评估当代含量和c）在遗传上的范围的生理变化范围，以评估遗传学的变化，并构成了遗传学的多样性，并构成了遗传学的多样性。不断变化的环境。这项研究将发现可能适用于微生物类群和地理区域的生理变异，遗传多样性和进化潜力之间的一般关系，从而实质上改善了预测全球变化下海洋生态系统变化的努力。这项研究的结果可以整合到开发模型中，以结合进化，以预测未来气候变化情景下的生态系统变化。该项目将支持博士生和博士后研究人员以及几位大学生。这些科学家将学习实验进化的基本原理，这是海洋气候变化生物学领域迫切需要的技能。该项目还包括与METCALF海洋与环境报告的合作。 METCALF Institute将在全国科学作家协会（NASW）年度会议上设计和实施一项针对与进化和气候变化有关的当前研究的会议。

项目成果

Surviving Heatwaves: Thermal Experience Predicts Life and Death in a Southern Ocean Diatom

幸存的热浪：热经验预测南大洋硅藻的生与死

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.600343
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Marine Science
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Samuels T

Thermal trait variation may buffer Southern Ocean phytoplankton from anthropogenic warming

• DOI: 10.1111/gcb.16329
• 发表时间: 2022-07-17
• 期刊: GLOBAL CHANGE BIOLOGY
• 影响因子: 11.6
• 作者: Bishop, Ian W.;Anderson, Stephanie I.;Rynearson, Tatiana A.
• 通讯作者: Rynearson, Tatiana A.

The Molecular Life of Diatoms

硅藻的分子生命

• DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-92499-7_2
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Rynearson T

The role of changes in environmental quality in multitrait plastic responses to environmental and social change in the model microalga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii.

• DOI: 10.1002/ece3.7179
• 发表时间: 2021-03
• 期刊: Ecology and evolution
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Melero-Jiménez IJ;Flores-Moya A;Collins S
• 通讯作者: Collins S

Considering the Role of Adaptive Evolution in Models of the Ocean and Climate System

• DOI: 10.1029/2018ms001452
• 发表时间: 2019-08
• 期刊: Journal of Advances in Modeling Earth Systems
• 影响因子: 6.8
• 作者: B. Ward;Sinéad Collins;S. Dutkiewicz;Samantha Gibbs;Paul Bown;A. Ridgwell;B. Sauterey;Jamie D. Wilson;A. Oschlies