The Changing Arctic Ocean Seafloor (ChAOS) - how changing sea ice conditions impact biological communities, biogeochemical processes and ecosystems

不断变化的北冰洋海底 (ChAOS) - 不断变化的海冰条件如何影响生物群落、生物地球化学过程和生态系统

• 批准号: NE/P006434/1
• 负责人: Stephen Widdicombe
• 金额: $ 46.74万
• 依托单位: Plymouth Marine Laboratory
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2017
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2017 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FP006434%2F1
• 关键词: Changing; Arctic; Ocean; Seafloor; ChAOS

ChAOS will quantify the effect of changing sea ice cover on organic matter quality, benthic biodiversity, biological transformations of carbon and nutrient pools, and resulting ecosystem function at the Arctic Ocean seafloor. We will achieve this by determining the amount, source, and bioavailability of organic matter (OM) and associated nutrients exported to the Arctic seafloor; its consumption, transformation, and cycling through the benthic food chain; and its eventual burial or recycling back into the water column. We will study these coupled biological and biogeochemical processes by combining (i) a detailed study of representative Arctic shelf sea habitats that intersect the ice edge, with (ii) broad-scale in situ validation studies and shipboard experiments, (iii) manipulative laboratory experiments that will identify causal relationships and mechanisms, (iv) analyses of highly spatially and temporally resolved data obtained by the Canadian, Norwegian and German Arctic programmes to establish generality, and (v) we will integrate new understanding of controls and effects on biodiversity, biogeochemical pathways and nutrient cycles into modelling approaches to explore how changes in Arctic sea ice alter ecosystems at regional scales. We will focus on parts of the Arctic Ocean where drastic changes in sea ice cover are the main environmental control, e.g., the Barents Sea. Common fieldwork campaigns will form the core of our research activity. Although our preferred focal region is a N-S transect along 30 degree East in the Barents Sea where ice expansion and retreat are well known and safely accessible, we will also use additional cruises to locations that share similar sediment and water conditions in Norway, retrieving key species for extended laboratory experiments that consider future environmental forcing. Importantly, the design of our campaign is not site specific, allowing our approach to be applied in other areas that share similar regional characteristics. This flexibility maximizes the scope for coordinated activities between all programme consortia (pelagic or benthic) should other areas of the Arctic shelf be preferable once all responses to the Announcement of Opportunity have been evaluated. In support of our field campaign, and informed by the analysis of field samples and data obtained by our international partners (in Norway, Canada, USA, Italy, Poland and Germany), we will conduct a range of well-constrained laboratory experiments, exposing incubated natural sediment to environmental conditions that are most likely to vary in response to the changing sea ice cover, and analysing the response of biology and biogeochemistry to these induced changes in present versus future environments (e.g., ocean acidification, warming). We will use existing complementary data sets provided by international project partners to achieve a wider spatial and temporal coverage of different parts of the Arctic Ocean. The unique combination of expertise (microbiologists, geochemists, ecologists, modellers) and facilities across eight leading UK research institutions will allow us to make new links between the quantity and quality of exported OM as a food source for benthic ecosystems, the response of the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the full spectrum of benthic organisms, and the effects on the partitioning of carbon and nutrients between recycled and buried pools. To link the benthic sub-system to the Arctic Ocean as a whole, we will establish close links with complementary projects studying biogeochemical processes in the water column, benthic environment (and their interactions) and across the land-ocean transition. This will provide the combined data sets and process understanding, as well as novel, numerically efficient upscaling tools, required to develop predictive models (e.g., MEDUSA) that allow for a quantitative inclusion seafloor into environmental predictions of the changing Arctic Ocean.

混乱将量化海冰覆盖对有机物质量，底栖生物多样性，碳和养分池的生物转化的影响，以及在北极海洋大陆的生态系统功能。我们将通过确定有机物（OM）的数量，来源和生物利用度以及出口到北极海底的相关营养素来实现这一目标；它的消费，转型和骑自行车在底栖食物链中；最终的埋葬或回收回到水柱中。我们将通过（i）（i）对与冰边缘相结合的代表性的北极架子海境进行详细研究来研究这些结合的生物学和生物地球化学过程，该研究与（ii）（ii）广泛的现场验证研究和船坞实验，（iii）操纵实验室实验，将逐步识别出临时关系和机械性（IV），IV（IV），IV（IV）分析（IV）（IV）（IV）。加拿大，挪威和德国北极计划建立一般性，（v）我们将整合对生物多样性，生物地球化学途径和营养循环的控制和影响的新理解，以探索北极海冰的变化如何改变部位尺度上的生态系统。我们将重点关注北极海洋的部分地区，那里的海冰覆盖物发生了巨大变化是主要的环境控制，例如巴伦支海。常见的现场工作将构成我们研究活动的核心。尽管我们的首选焦点区域是沿巴伦支海的东部30度的N-S型区域，那里的冰膨胀和撤退是众所周知且可安全接近的，但我们还将在挪威共享相似的沉积物和水条件的位置使用额外的巡航，从而检索关键物种，用于扩展实验室实验，以考虑考虑未来的环境强迫。重要的是，我们广告系列的设计并非特定于站点，从而可以在具有相似区域特征的其他领域应用我们的方法。如果北极货架的其他区域对所有对机会的响应进行了评估，那么，这种灵活性使所有计划联盟（上骨或底栖）之间的协调活动范围最大化。为了支持我们的现场运动，并通过分析我们的国际合作伙伴（在挪威，加拿大，美国，意大利，波兰，波兰和德国获得的现场样本和数据），我们将进行一系列良好约束的实验室实验，使孵化的天然沉积物暴露于环境条件上，这些天然沉积物对环境条件最有可能在对环境中的响应和分析的响应，并分析了海上冰覆盖的响应，并将其分析为Bio的响应，并分析了Bio的响应。 （例如，海洋酸化，变暖）。我们将使用国际项目合作伙伴提供的现有互补数据集，以实现对北极海洋不同部分的更广泛的空间和时间覆盖。 The unique combination of expertise (microbiologists, geochemists, ecologists, modellers) and facilities across eight leading UK research institutions will allow us to make new links between the quantity and quality of exported OM as a food source for benthic ecosystems, the response of the biodiversity and ecosystem functioning across the full spectrum of benthic organisms, and the effects on the partitioning of carbon and nutrients between回收和埋葬的游泳池。为了将底栖式子系统与整个北极海洋联系起来，我们将与研究水柱，底栖环境（及其相互作用）以及整个土地偏移的互补项目建立密切联系。这将为开发预测模型（例如Medusa）所需的组合数据集和过程理解以及新颖的，具有数值高效的高尺度工具，这些工具（例如MEDUSA）允许对北极海洋不断变化的环境预测进行定量的包容性海底。

项目成果

Mass Spectrometry of Chlorophylls from Phototrophic Prokaryotes

光养原核生物叶绿素的质谱分析

• DOI: 10.2174/1385272821666170920164422
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Current Organic Chemistry
• 影响因子: 2.6
• 作者: Airs R

Occurrence of chlorophyll allomers during virus-induced mortality and population decline in the ubiquitous picoeukaryote Ostreococcus tauri.

在普遍存在的超微核生物金牛骨球菌中，病毒引起的死亡和种群数量下降期间叶绿素异质体的出现。

• DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.13980
• 发表时间: 2018
• 期刊: Environmental microbiology
• 影响因子: 5.1
• 作者: Steele DJ

Biogeochemical consequences of a changing Arctic shelf seafloor ecosystem.

• DOI: 10.1007/s13280-021-01638-3
• 发表时间: 2022-03
• 期刊: Ambio
• 影响因子: 6.5
• 作者: März C;Freitas FS;Faust JC;Godbold JA;Henley SF;Tessin AC;Abbott GD;Airs R;Arndt S;Barnes DKA;Grange LJ;Gray ND;Head IM;Hendry KR;Hilton RG;Reed AJ;Rühl S;Solan M;Souster TA;Stevenson MA;Tait K;Ward J;Widdicombe S
• 通讯作者: Widdicombe S

Transformation of organic matter in a Barents Sea sediment profile: coupled geochemical and microbiological processes.

巴伦支海沉积物剖面中有机物的转化：地球化学和微生物过程的耦合。

• DOI: 10.1098/rsta.2020.0223
• 发表时间: 2020
• 期刊: Philosophical transactions. Series A, Mathematical, physical, and engineering sciences
• 作者: Stevenson MA

Phosphorus dynamics in the Barents Sea

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11602
• 发表时间: 2020-09-23
• 期刊: LIMNOLOGY AND OCEANOGRAPHY
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Downes, Patrick P.;Goult, Stephen J.;Dixon, Joanna L.
• 通讯作者: Dixon, Joanna L.