Using Critical Zone Science to Enhance Soil Fertility and Improve Ecosystem Services for Peri-Urban Agriculture in China

利用关键区域科学提高土壤肥力并改善中国城郊农业的生态系统服务

• 批准号: NE/N007514/1
• 负责人: Steven Banwart
• 金额: $ 38.67万
• 依托单位: University of Sheffield
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2016
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2016 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FN007514%2F1
• 关键词: Using; Critical; Zone; Science; Enhance

This research project focuses on sustainable intensification of agriculture in highly productive peri-urban farming areas in China. This agricultural base is essential to meet China's increasing food production demands but is under pressure from urban pollution inputs, soil and water pollution from farming practices - particularly extensive use of mineral fertilisers and pesticides, and urbanisation. We will quantify the benefits and risks of a substantial step-increase in organic fertiliser application as a means to reduce the use of mineral fertiliser. Our approach is to study the role of soil as a central control point in Earth's Critical Zone (CZ), the thin outer layer of our planet that determines most life-sustaining resources. Our Critical Zone Observatory (CZO) site is the Zhangxi catchment within Ningbo city, a pilot city of rapid urbanization in the Yangtze delta. We will combine controlled manipulation experiments of increased organic fertiliser loading with determination of soil process rates and flux determinations for water, nutrients, contaminants, and greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions across the flux boundaries where the soil profile interfaces with and influences the wider CZ; surface waters and aquifers, vegetation, and the atmosphere. To guide the research design we have identified 3 detailed scientific hypotheses.1. Replacement of mineral fertiliser use by organic fertiliser will shift the soil food web for N/C cycling from one dominated by bacterial heterotrophic decomposition of soil organic matter (SOM) and bacterial nitrification to produce plant available N and loss of soluble nitrate to drainage waters, to one dominated by heterotrophic fungal decomposition of complex, more persistent forms of OM to low molecular weight organic N forms that are plant available. This change in N source will increase SOM content and improve soil structure through soil aggregate formation.2. Increased use of organic fertiliser from pig slurry (PS), and wastewater sludge (WS) will lead to increased environmental occurrence of emerging contaminants, particularly antibiotics and growth hormones. Environmental transport, fate and exposure must be determined to quantify development of microbial antibiotic resistance and other environmental and food safety risk, and develop soil and water management practices for risk mitigation.3. Decreased use of mineral fertilisers and increased use of organic fertilisers will reduce environmental and food safety risks from metals contamination; this is due to lower metal mobility and bioavailability from redox transformations, reduced soil acidification and increased metal complexation on soil organic matter.Our programme of research will conduct the manipulation experiments across nested scales of observation with idealised laboratory microcosm systems, controlled manipulation experiments in field mesocosms, pilot testing of grass buffer strips to reduce the transport of emerging contaminants from the soil to surface waters, and field (~1ha) manipulation experiments. Mechanistic soil process models will be tested, further developed to test the specific hypotheses, and applied to quantify process rates that mediate the landscape scale CZ fluxes as a measure of ecosystem service flows. GIS modelling methods include data from characterisation of a subset of soil properties and process rates at a wider set of locations in the catchment, together with catchment surface water and groundwater monitoring for water and solute flux balances. The GIS model that is developed will identify the geospatial variation in nutrient, contaminant, and GHG sources and sinks and will be used to quantify fluxes at the catchment scale. These results will determine the current baseline of ecosystem service flows and will evaluate scenarios for how these measures of ecosystem services will change with a transition to widespread of organic fertilisers through the farming area of the catchment.

该研究项目的重点是在中国高产郊区农业地区的农业可持续发展。这种农业基础对于满足中国不断增长的粮食生产需求至关重要，但面临着城市污染投入，土壤和水污染的压力，尤其是广泛使用矿物质肥料和农药以及城市化。我们将量化有机肥料施用中大量逐步症的好处和风险，以减少矿物肥料的使用。我们的方法是研究土壤作为地球临界区（CZ）的中心控制点的作用，地球临界区（CZ）是我们地球的薄外层决定了大多数维持生命的资源。我们的关键区域天文台（CZO）站点是宁博城内的Zhangxi集水区，宁波市是扬格兹三角洲快速城市化的飞行员城市。我们将结合增加有机肥料载荷的受控操纵实验，并确定土壤过程速率和水，养分，污染物和温室气体（GHG）排放的水，在整个通量边界，土壤剖面与较宽的CZ互动并影响较宽的CZ；地表水和含水层，植被和大气。为了指导研究设计，我们已经确定了3个详细的科学假设。1。用有机肥料替换矿物质肥料的替代将使土壤中的食物网循环从一个由细菌有机物（SOM）和细菌硝化的细菌异质分解为主导的植物循环，从n可用的植物形式。 n个来源的这种变化将增加SOM含量并通过土壤骨料形成改善土壤结构。2。猪浆（PS）和废水污泥（WS）对有机肥料的使用增加将导致新兴污染物的环境发生增加，尤其是抗生素和生长激素。必须确定环境运输，命运和暴露，以量化微生物抗生素耐药性以及其他环境和食品安全风险的发展，并发展土壤和水管理实践以减轻风险。3。矿物质肥料的使用减少和增加有机肥料的使用将降低金属污染的环境和食品安全风险；这是由于氧化还原转化的金属迁移率和生物利用度较低，土壤酸化减少以及在土壤有机物上增加了金属络合。 （〜1HA）操纵实验。机械土壤过程模型将进行测试，进一步开发以测试特定的假设，并应用于量化景观量表CZ通量的过程速率，以衡量生态系统服务流的量度。 GIS建模方法包括来自土壤特性子集的表征的数据和流域中更广泛的位置的过程，以及集水区的地表水和地下水监测水和溶质通量余额。开发的GIS模型将确定营养，污染物和温室气源和水槽的地理空间变化，并将用于在集水量表上量化通量。这些结果将确定生态系统服务流的当前基线，并将评估这些生态系统服务量度如何随着流域农业区域广泛的过渡而变化的方案。

项目成果

Economic valuation of Earth's critical zone: Framework, theory and methods

• DOI: 10.1016/j.envdev.2021.100654
• 发表时间: 2021-08
• 期刊: Environmental Development
• 影响因子: 5.4
• 作者: W. Nie;Hongyan Guo;S. Banwart

Optimizing Peri-URban Ecosystems (PURE) to re-couple urban-rural symbiosis.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2017.02.094
• 发表时间: 2017-05
• 期刊: The Science of the total environment
• 作者: Yong-guan Zhu;B. Reid;A. Meharg;S. Banwart;Bojie Fu

Insights into the mechanism of the interference of sulfadiazine on soil microbial community and function.

• DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2021.126388
• 发表时间: 2021-06
• 期刊: Journal of hazardous materials
• 影响因子: 13.6
• 作者: Linlin Qiu;T. Daniell;S. Banwart;M. Nafees;Jingjing Wu;Wenchao Du;Ying Yin;Hongyan Guo

Will the circle be unbroken? The climate mitigation and sustainable development given by a circular economy of carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus and water

圆圈会不会被打破？

• DOI: 10.1039/d2su00121g
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: RSC Sustainability
• 作者: McKenna P