NEUROTRANSMISSION AND NEUROMODULATION IN PERIPHERAL TASTE ORGANS

外周味觉器官的神经传递和神经调节

• 批准号: 6238146
• 负责人: STEPHEN D. ROPER
• 金额: $ 15.72万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF COLORADO DENVER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1997
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1997-04-01 至 1998-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6238146
• 关键词: Urodela; alternatives to animals in research; autoradiography; cell type; electrochemistry; electron microscopy; electrophysiology; gamma aminobutyrate; gap junctions; hamsters; high performance liquid chromatography; human subject; hydroxyaminoacid; immunocytochemistry; laboratory mouse; laboratory rabbit; membrane channels; neural information processing; neural transmission; neurochemistry; neurophysiology; neurotransmitter transport; serotonin; synapses; taste; taste buds

The long-term objective of this project is twofold. First, our aim is to study cell-to-cell communication in the vertebrate taste buds. We will investigate taste buds in amphibia (Necturus maculosus) and in mammals (hamsters, rabbits, mice). One of our Specific Aims is to investigate which neurotransmitters are involved at synapses in taste organs. We plan to use a battery of neurochemical and molecular biological techniques, including immunocytochemistry, quantitative autoradiography, and high pressure liquid chromatography with electrochemical detection. We will determine which transmitters are present in taste buds; which ones are taken up by taste cells and released by calcium-dependent mechanisms when the cells are stimulated; and where the transmitters are localized. We will also study electrical synapses between taste cells and the localization of gap junction proteins. Second, we will study the function of Merkel-like basal cells and their putative role in neuromodulation of taste bud function. Merkel-like basal cells contain high concentrations of serotonin, among other substances and release the monoamine when they are depolarized. We will investigate whether serotonin is a neuromodulator of taste bud function in amphibia and in mammals. In the broad view, our experiments may lead to the rational design of pharmaceutical agents that can suppress, enhance or modify taste since we will determine what neurotransmitters are acting in the taste organs and since our data will lead to an understanding of how chemicals act on the apical, chemosensory membrane of taste cells.

该项目的长期目标是双重的。 首先，我们的目标是 研究脊椎动物味蕾中的细胞间通信。 我们 将调查两栖动物（花序曲霉）的味蕾和 哺乳动物（仓鼠，兔子，小鼠）。 我们的具体目标之一是 调查味道中的突触中涉及哪些神经递质 器官。 我们计划使用一系列神经化学和分子 生物技术，包括免疫细胞化学，定量 放射自显影和高压液相色谱法 电化学检测。 我们将确定哪些发射器是 出现在味蕾中；哪些是由味觉细胞占用的， 刺激细胞时，通过钙依赖性机制释放； 以及发射器所在的位置。 我们还将研究电气 味道细胞与间隙连接的定位之间的突触 蛋白质。 其次，我们将研究默克尔样基础细胞及其它们的功能 推定的味蕾神经调节作用。 类似默克尔 基底细胞含有高浓度的5-羟色胺 物质并释放单胺被去除时。 我们将 调查5-羟色胺是否是味蕾功能的神经调节剂 在两栖动物和哺乳动物中。 从广泛的角度来看，我们的实验可能导致 可以抑制，增强或修改口味的药物剂 我们将确定哪些神经递质在味道器官中起作用 而且由于我们的数据将导致对化学物质的作用理解 味道细胞的顶端化学感应膜。