Developing a suite of novel land conditioners and plant fertilizers from the waste streams of biomass energy generation

利用生物质能源发电的废物流开发一套新型土地改良剂和植物肥料

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L014122/1
负责人：
Kirk Semple
金额：
$ 85.31万
依托单位：
Lancaster University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL014122%2F1
关键词：
Developing suite novel land conditioners

项目摘要

Soils provide, support and regulate fundamental processes in the environment, including nutrient cycling, plant growth, and have a strong influence on ensuring purity of the atmosphere, as well as water supply and quality. Through the delivery of these ecosystem services, vital global biodiversity and, ultimately, the sustenance of the human population is maintained. However, exploitation of soils through intensive agricultural practices such as the over application of phosphorus and nitrogen fertilisers, has resulted in their degradation and, as a result, a diminishment of soil fertility, threatening future global food security.Phosphorus is a vital, non-renewable element required for crop growth, upon which agriculture is now almost entirely dependent to maintain current levels of food production. The extraction and processing of phosphorus, is also extremely environmentally damaging, and originates from a non-renewable source for which demand is rapidly increasing with no alternative available in the volume required. The production of nitrogen fertiliser is also a highly energy intensive and unstainable process, is tied strongly to the price and availability of fossil fuels. As the global population is expected to reach 9 billion by 2050, humanity faces an urgent need to balance an ever increasing demand for energy and natural resources, with the sustainable management of ecosystems and the vital services that they provide.If managed correctly, the bioenergy sector presents a unique opportunity to, in part, address the challenges facing agriculture, energy generation, and waste disposal. Gasification, incineration, biomass boilers and anaerobic digestion (AD) are currently the dominant technologies being deployed to convert a wide range of biomass and waste biomass derived fuels into renewable energy. The by-products generated from these technologies themselves, such as ash (rich in phosphorus) from biomass thermal conversion and digestate (rich in nitrogen) from AD, have complimentary nutrient values and properties conducive to their use as soil conditioners and fertilisers. However, these waste streams are a typically undervalued, and frequently disposed of at a cost, with little consideration of best practice for environmental health due to the lack of quantitative evidence on which to base informed decisions at appropriate scales or across science disciplines.It is the overarching aim of this research to mix ash and digestate waste materials to form a new, safe and sustainable source of nutrients for agricultural practice, thereby reducing pressure on natural resources and to address some of the challenges facing bioenergy waste disposal. This will be achieved through the following:(i) To physically and chemically test the individual digestates and ashes and the resulting mixtures for consideration as soil amendments.(ii) To compare the impact of selected digestates and ashes and mixtures against traditional fertilisers on soil properties, plant growth (winter wheat and pea) and the cycling of nutrients under carefully controlled conditions in glasshouses.(iii) Following intensive glasshouse studies, the most promising of the blended soil amendments will be tested and compared to conventional fertiliser application in the field over two growing seasons for winter wheat and pea.(iv) To engage with the Environment Agency about the way forward in developing the most promising soil amendments for use in agriculture as genuine alternatives to conventional fertiliser application.Following extensive testing on selected crop types both in glasshouses and under field conditions, the final blended ash and digestate product(s) will be applicable for use in an agricultural setting as a direct substitute for traditional fertilisers. Benefits include a reduced dependence on phosphorus and nitrogen fertilisers, as well as maintenance of the physical chemical integrity of soil, thereby aiding long-term food security.

土壤提供，支持和调节环境中的基本过程，包括营养循环，植物生长，并对确保大气的纯度以及供水和质量产生强大影响。通过提供这些生态系统服务，重要的全球生物多样性以及最终维持人口的维持。然而，通过强化农业实践（例如磷和氮肥过度应用）导致其降解，因此，磷的未来全球粮食安全的威胁是至关重要的，几乎可以维持农业所需的水平，因此磷是至关重要的，因此磷是至关重要的，磷是至关重要的。磷的提取和加工也在环境上造成极大的破坏，起源于不可再生来源，需求迅速增加，所需的体积中没有其他可用性。氮肥的生产也是一种高能量的且无法降低的过程，与化石燃料的价格和可用性密切相关。由于预计到2050年，全球人口预计将达到90亿，因此迫切需要平衡对能源和自然资源的不断增长的需求，以及对生态系统的可持续管理及其提供的重要服务的可持续性管理。如果经过正确的管理，生物稳定部门为农业生成，能源生成，能源生成，生成，和自然的挑战提供了一个独特的机会。目前，为将广泛的生物量和废物生物量衍生的燃料转换为可再生能源的主要技术，气体化，焚化锅炉和厌氧消化（AD）目前是部署的主要技术。这些技术本身产生的副产品，例如生物质热转化的灰分（富含磷）和AD的消化（富含氮），具有互补的营养价值和有利于其用作种族调理剂和肥料的特性。但是，这些废物流通常是被低估的，并且经常以成本被低估，几乎没有考虑到最佳实践环境健康，因为缺乏定量证据，无法在适当的尺度或整个科学阶段基础上基于知情的决策来基于知情的决策。生物能源处置面临的挑战。这将通过以下内容实现：（i）在物理和化学上测试个人消化和灰烬，以及由此产生的混合物作为土壤修正案。（ii）比较所选的消化物，灰烬和混合物对传统的肥料对土壤特性的影响，植物生长（冬季麦和豌豆）的养分，以及在精彩的条件下进行的植物循环（II II I II）。在两个生长季节的冬季生长季节中，将测试并将混合土壤修正案与常规施肥进行测试，并与环境机构互动，以与环境机构互动，以开发前进的方向发展，以开发最有前途的土壤修正案，作为农业的最有前途的土壤修正案，作为常规肥料的真实替代品，对所选作物进行了广泛的培养和培训（在盛产的范围内进行杂物，又是在浮动的情况下进行的，该杂物（在玻璃瓶中，均采用了最终的杂物，都可以在玻璃瓶中进行探索，并将其探索，该杂物是在绿下花的下进行的，该条件是浮华的，该条件是浮动的，该条件是浮华的，该条件（适用于在农业环境中用作传统肥料的直接替代品。好处包括减少对磷和氮肥的依赖，以及维持土壤的物理化学完整性，从而有助于长期粮食安全。