Impacts of habitat fragmentation in a warming world

气候变暖世界中栖息地破碎化的影响

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L011840/1
负责人：
Eoin O'Gorman
金额：
$ 66.16万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL011840%2F1
关键词：
Impacts habitat fragmentation warming world

项目摘要

Global warming is now an undeniable reality, with species range shifts, seasonal shifts in life cycle events, and reduced body size recognised as three universal responses to increasing temperature. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has forecast an average 1.5-4.5 C increase in global surface temperatures, with even stronger increases predicted for Arctic areas. In addition, the small species pool and geographic isolation of high latitude ecosystems makes them particularly vulnerable, with recent suggestions that they may act as early-warning indicators to the potential impacts of global warming. At the same time, humans are exerting great change on natural ecosystems, with habitat fragmentation recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity. Agricultural expansion to meet growing global food demands has seen natural landscapes divided up into smaller, and more isolated fragments by monocultures of commercially important crops. My research will study the interaction of these two major components of global change and the effect they have on terrestrial communities. I will determine the manner in which natural communities assemble - a critical process in harvested ecosystems, which are continually reset to early stages of succession. I will then assess how warming and fragmentation alter this process and how detrimental that might be to the ecosystem services we derive. I will also determine the impact of warming and fragmentation on the structure of terrestrial food webs, with a particular interest in how loss of larger predators may undermine pest control in agricultural systems. This will have important implications for crop yield and quality. I will assess the resilience of these communities to extreme events, by simulating severe flooding in my study systems. And I will improve our predictability of warming impacts on terrestrial ecosystems by testing predictive models with the data I collect. The findings will help to inform conservation management in the face of continuing global change, as well as agriculture and land use policy, and our general understanding of how natural communities respond to climatic and human-induced disturbances.

现在，全球变暖是一个不可否认的现实，物种范围的变化，生命周期事件的季节性变化以及识别为对升高温度升高的三种普遍反应的降低。政府间气候变化的面板预测，全球表面温度的平均增长1.5-4.5 c，北极地区预测的增长更强。此外，小物种池和高纬度生态系统的地理隔离使它们特别容易受到伤害，最近提出的建议，它们可能是对全球变暖潜在影响的早期指标。同时，人类正在对自然生态系统作出巨大变化，栖息地分裂被认为是对生物多样性的主要威胁之一。农业扩张以满足不断增长的全球粮食需求，已经使自然景观分为较小的，更孤立的碎片，由商业上重要的农作物的单一栽培分成。我的研究将研究全球变化的这两个主要组成部分及其对陆地社区的影响的相互作用。我将确定自然社区组装的方式 - 收获的生态系统中的关键过程，这些过程不断重置为继任的早期阶段。然后，我将评估变暖和破碎化如何改变这一过程，以及对我们得出的生态系统服务可能有多么有害。我还将确定变暖和破碎化对陆地食物网结构的影响，对较大捕食者的损失如何破坏农业系统中的害虫控制有特别的兴趣。这将对作物产量和质量具有重要意义。我将通过模拟我的研究系统中的严重洪水来评估这些社区对极端事件的韧性。我将通过通过收集的数据测试预测模型来提高对陆地生态系统的变暖影响的可预测性。这些发现将有助于在面对全球变化以及农业和土地利用政策以及我们对自然社区如何应对气候和人类引起的干扰的一般理解的情况下为保护管理提供信息。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Persistence of environmental DNA in marine systems.

DOI：
10.1038/s42003-018-0192-6
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Communications biology
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Collins RA;Wangensteen OS;O'Gorman EJ;Mariani S;Sims DW;Genner MJ
通讯作者：
Genner MJ

The ecological impacts of multiple environmental stressors on coastal biofilm bacteria

DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15626
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
Global Change Biology
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Robert M W Ferguson;Eoin J. O’Gorman;David J McElroy;B. McKew;R. A. Coleman;M. Emmerson;A. Dumbrell
通讯作者：
Robert M W Ferguson;Eoin J. O’Gorman;David J McElroy;B. McKew;R. A. Coleman;M. Emmerson;A. Dumbrell

Temperature affects both the Grinnellian and Eltonian dimensions of ecological niches - A tale of two Arctic wolf spiders