Impacts of habitat fragmentation in a warming world

气候变暖世界中栖息地破碎化的影响

基本信息

批准号：
NE/L011840/1
负责人：
Eoin O'Gorman
金额：
$ 66.16万
依托单位：
Imperial College London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2014
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2014 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FL011840%2F1
关键词：
Impacts habitat fragmentation warming world

项目摘要

Global warming is now an undeniable reality, with species range shifts, seasonal shifts in life cycle events, and reduced body size recognised as three universal responses to increasing temperature. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change has forecast an average 1.5-4.5 C increase in global surface temperatures, with even stronger increases predicted for Arctic areas. In addition, the small species pool and geographic isolation of high latitude ecosystems makes them particularly vulnerable, with recent suggestions that they may act as early-warning indicators to the potential impacts of global warming. At the same time, humans are exerting great change on natural ecosystems, with habitat fragmentation recognised as one of the major threats to biodiversity. Agricultural expansion to meet growing global food demands has seen natural landscapes divided up into smaller, and more isolated fragments by monocultures of commercially important crops. My research will study the interaction of these two major components of global change and the effect they have on terrestrial communities. I will determine the manner in which natural communities assemble - a critical process in harvested ecosystems, which are continually reset to early stages of succession. I will then assess how warming and fragmentation alter this process and how detrimental that might be to the ecosystem services we derive. I will also determine the impact of warming and fragmentation on the structure of terrestrial food webs, with a particular interest in how loss of larger predators may undermine pest control in agricultural systems. This will have important implications for crop yield and quality. I will assess the resilience of these communities to extreme events, by simulating severe flooding in my study systems. And I will improve our predictability of warming impacts on terrestrial ecosystems by testing predictive models with the data I collect. The findings will help to inform conservation management in the face of continuing global change, as well as agriculture and land use policy, and our general understanding of how natural communities respond to climatic and human-induced disturbances.

全球变暖现已成为不可否认的现实，物种分布范围的变化、生命周期事件的季节性变化以及体型的减小被认为是对温度升高的三种普遍反应。政府间气候变化专门委员会预测，全球地表温度将平均上升 1.5-4.5 摄氏度，北极地区的上升幅度甚至更大。此外，高纬度生态系统的物种库小和地理隔离使它们特别脆弱，最近的建议表明它们可以作为全球变暖潜在影响的预警指标。与此同时，人类正在对自然生态系统造成巨大变化，栖息地破碎化被认为是生物多样性的主要威胁之一。为了满足全球不断增长的粮食需求而进行的农业扩张，导致自然景观被重要商业作物的单一种植分割成更小、更孤立的碎片。我的研究将研究全球变化的这两个主要组成部分的相互作用以及它们对陆地群落的影响。我将确定自然群落的聚集方式，这是收获的生态系统中的一个关键过程，不断地重置为演替的早期阶段。然后，我将评估变暖和碎片化如何改变这一过程，以及这可能对我们获得的生态系统服务产生多大的损害。我还将确定变暖和破碎化对陆地食物网结构的影响，特别关注大型捕食者的消失如何破坏农业系统中的害虫控制。这将对作物产量和质量产生重要影响。我将通过在我的研究系统中模拟严重洪水来评估这些社区对极端事件的恢复能力。我将通过使用我收集的数据测试预测模型，提高我们对变暖对陆地生态系统影响的预测能力。这些发现将有助于为面对持续的全球变化、农业和土地利用政策以及我们对自然群落如何应对气候和人为干扰的总体理解的保护管理提供信息。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Persistence of environmental DNA in marine systems.

DOI：
10.1038/s42003-018-0192-6
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Communications biology
影响因子：
5.9
作者：
Collins RA;Wangensteen OS;O'Gorman EJ;Mariani S;Sims DW;Genner MJ
通讯作者：
Genner MJ

The ecological impacts of multiple environmental stressors on coastal biofilm bacteria

DOI：
10.1111/gcb.15626
发表时间：
2021-04
期刊：
Global Change Biology
影响因子：
11.6
作者：
Robert M W Ferguson;Eoin J. O’Gorman;David J McElroy;B. McKew;R. A. Coleman;M. Emmerson;A. Dumbrell
通讯作者：
Robert M W Ferguson;Eoin J. O’Gorman;David J McElroy;B. McKew;R. A. Coleman;M. Emmerson;A. Dumbrell

Temperature affects both the Grinnellian and Eltonian dimensions of ecological niches - A tale of two Arctic wolf spiders