Biodiversity and Ecosystem Processes in Human-Modified Tropical Forests

人工改造热带森林的生物多样性和生态系统过程

• 批准号: NE/K016377/1
• 负责人: David Coomes
• 金额: $ 67.22万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK016377%2F1
• 关键词: Biodiversity; Ecosystem; Processes; Human; Modified

Anthropogenic disturbance and land-use change in the tropics is leading to irrevocable changes in biodiversity and substantial shifts in ecosystem biogeochemistry. Yet, we still have a poor understanding of how human-driven changes in biodiversity feed back to alter biogeochemical processes. This knowledge gap substantially restricts our ability to model and predict the response of tropical ecosystems to current and future environmental change. There are a number of critical challenges to our understanding of how changes in biodiversity may alter ecosystem processes in the tropics; namely: (i) how the high taxonomic diversity of the tropics is linked to ecosystem functioning, (ii) how changes in the interactions among trophic levels and taxonomic groups following disturbance impacts upon functional diversity and biogeochemistry, and (iii) how plot-level measurements can be used to scale to whole landscapes. We have formed a consortium to address these critical challenges to launch a large-scale, replicated, and fully integrated study that brings together a multi-disciplinary team with the skills and expertise to study the necessary taxonomic and trophic groups, different biogeochemical processes, and the complex interactions amongst them.To understand and quantify the effects of land-use change on the activity of focal biodiversity groups and how this impacts biogeochemistry, we will: (i) analyse pre-existing data on distributions of focal biodiversity groups; (ii) sample the landscape-scale treatments at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) Project site (treatments include forest degradation, fragmentation, oil palm conversion) and key auxiliary sites (Maliau Basin - old growth on infertile soils, Lambir Hills - old growth on fertile soils, Sabah Biodiversity Experiment - rehabilitated forest, INFAPRO-FACE - rehabilitated forest); and (iii) implement new experiments that manipulate key components of biodiversity and pathways of belowground carbon flux. The manipulations will focus on trees and lianas, mycorrhizal fungi, termites and ants, because these organisms are the likely agents of change for biogeochemical cycling in human-modified tropical forests. We will use a combination of cutting-edge techniques to test how these target groups of organisms interact each other to affect biogeochemical cycling. We will additionally collate and analyse archived data on other taxa, including vertebrates of conservation concern. The key unifying concept is the recognition that so-called 'functional traits' play a key role in linking taxonomic diversity to ecosystem function. We will focus on identifying key functional traits associated with plants, and how they vary in abundance along the disturbance gradient at SAFE. In particular, we propose that leaf functional traits (e.g. physical and chemical recalcitrance, nitrogen content, etc.) play a pivotal role in determining key ecosystem processes and also strongly influence atmospheric composition. Critically, cutting-edge airborne remote sensing techniques suggest it is possible to map leaf functional traits, chemistry and physiology at landscape-scales, and so we will use these novel airborne methods to quantify landscape-scale patterns of forest degradation, canopy structure, biogeochemical cycling and tree distributions. Process-based mathematical models will then be linked to the remote sensing imagery and ground-based measurements of functional diversity and biogeochemical cycling to upscale our findings over disturbance gradients.

热带地区的人为干扰和土地利用变化导致生物多样性的不可撤销变化和生态系统生物地球化学的实质变化。但是，我们仍然对生物多样性的变化如何反馈以改变生物地球化学过程有很糟糕的了解。这些知识差距大大限制了我们建模和预测热带生态系统对当前和未来环境变化的反应的能力。我们对生物多样性变化如何改变热带地区生态系统过程的理解存在许多关键挑战。即：（i）热带地区的高分类学多样性如何与生态系统功能联系在一起，（ii）在干扰影响的营养水平和分类学组之间的相互作用之间的变化如何影响功能多样性和生物地球化学，以及（iii）如何将情节水平的测量用于整个景观。我们已经组建了一个财团来应对这些关键挑战，以发起大规模，复制和完全融合的研究，将一个具有技能和专业知识的多学科团队汇集在一起​​，以研究必要的分类学和营养群体，不同的生物地球化学过程，不同的生物地球化学过程，以及它们之间的复杂相互作用，以及对土地的影响和量化的群体影响和量化的效果。威尔：（i）分析有关焦点生物多样性组分布的预先存在数据； (ii) sample the landscape-scale treatments at the Stability of Altered Forest Ecosystems (SAFE) Project site (treatments include forest degradation, fragmentation, oil palm conversion) and key auxiliary sites (Maliau Basin - old growth on infertile soils, Lambir Hills - old growth on fertile soils, Sabah Biodiversity Experiment - rehabilitated forest, INFAPRO-FACE - rehabilitated 森林）; （iii）实施新的实验，以操纵生物多样性的关键组成部分和地下碳通量的途径。这些操作将集中在树木和叶，菌根真菌，白蚁和蚂蚁上，因为这些生物是人类改造的热带森林中生物地球化学循环的变化的代理。我们将使用尖端技术的组合来测试这些目标群体如何相互相互作用以影响生物地球化学循环。我们还将整理和分析其他分类单元的存档数据，包括保护问题的脊椎动物。关键的统一概念是认识到所谓的“功能特征”在将分类学多样性与生态系统功能联系起来都起着关键作用。我们将专注于识别与植物相关的关键功能性状，以及它们在安全的扰动梯度沿途的大量变化。特别是，我们建议叶片功能性状（例如物理和化学顽固，氮含量等）在确定关键生态系统过程中起着关键作用，并且也强烈影响大气组成。至关重要的是，尖端的机载遥感技术表明，可以在景观尺度上绘制叶片功能性状，化学和生理学，因此我们将使用这些新型的机载方法来量化森林降解的景观尺度模式，冠层结构，生物质量环境和树木分布。然后，基于过程的数学模型将与功能多样性和生物地球化学循环的遥感图像和基于地面的测量相关，以提高我们对干扰梯度的发现。

项目成果

Mapped aboveground carbon stocks to advance forest conservation and recovery in Malaysian Borneo

• DOI: 10.1016/j.biocon.2017.10.020
• 发表时间: 2018-01-01
• 期刊: BIOLOGICAL CONSERVATION
• 影响因子: 5.9
• 作者: Asner, Gregory P.;Brodrick, Philip G.;Coomes, David A.
• 通讯作者: Coomes, David A.

Reconciling the contribution of environmental and stochastic structuring of tropical forest diversity through the lens of imaging spectroscopy.

通过成像光谱学的视角协调热带森林多样性的环境和随机结构的贡献。

• DOI: 10.1111/ele.13357
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Ecology letters
• 影响因子: 8.8
• 作者: Bongalov B

iDirac: a field-portable instrument for long-term autonomous measurements of isoprene and selected VOCs

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-13-821-2020
• 发表时间: 2020-02
• 期刊: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
• 影响因子: 3.8
• 作者: C. Bolas;V. Ferracci;A. Robinson;M. I. Mead;M. Nadzir;J. Pyle;Roderic L. Jones;N. Harris

Accurate delineation of individual tree crowns in tropical forests from aerial RGB imagery using Mask R-CNN

使用 Mask R-CNN 从航空 RGB 图像准确描绘热带森林中的单个树冠

• DOI: 10.1101/2022.07.10.499480
• 发表时间: 2022
• 作者: Ball J

Extreme and Highly Heterogeneous Microclimates in Selectively Logged Tropical Forests

• DOI: 10.3389/ffgc.2018.00005
• 发表时间: 2018-10-26
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN FORESTS AND GLOBAL CHANGE
• 影响因子: 3.2
• 作者: Blonder, Benjamin;Both, Sabine;Svatek, Martin
• 通讯作者: Svatek, Martin