A 500,000-year environmental record from Chew Bahir, south Ethiopia: testing hypotheses of climate-driven human evolution, innovation, and dispersal

埃塞俄比亚南部 Chew Bahir 的 50 万年环境记录：检验气候驱动的人类进化、创新和扩散的假设

• 批准号: NE/K014560/1
• 负责人: Henry Lamb
• 金额: $ 73.75万
• 依托单位: Aberystwyth University
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2014
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2014 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK014560%2F1
• 关键词: 500; 000; year; environmental; record

This proposal seeks funding towards costs of geophysical survey and scientific drilling of Pleistocene lacustrine sediments in East Africa, and their subsequent analyses. The aim of the project is to provide a long, continuous and highly-resolved palaeoenvironmental record that will facilitate tests of hypotheses linking human physical and cultural evolution to environmental variation, by reconstructing climatic and landscape change across critical intervals of the last half-million years of human evolutionary history. The planned research is focused on Chew Bahir, a 5 km-deep sediment-filled rift basin in south Ethiopia, close to the important hominin fossil sites at Konso, Omo-Kibish, and east Turkana. Drilling will take place in November-December 2013, to a depth of 400 m, estimated to cover the last 500,000 years. Luminescence, radiocarbon, tephrochronology, palaeomagnetic, and 40Ar/39Ar dating methods will be used to determine the age range and time resolution of the cores. A multi-proxy approach, using sediment geochemistry, biomarker, isotope, pollen and diatoms, will be applied to reconstruct past changes in moisture balance, temperature and catchment vegetation. Statistical techniques will be used to define the most significant climate shifts and periods of maximum variability, and then used to model the natural selection of human populations, measured from regional densities of archaeological sites. Particular focus will be on the time period 135-125 ka in order to test the hypothesis that human range expansion out of Africa took place after a period of strong climatic variability. The Chew Bahir project is part of the larger Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project (HSPDP), supported by the International Continental Drilling Project (ICDP), by NSF (USA), and by DFG (Germany). The HSPDP involves deep drilling of lacustrine sediments at five globally-significant early hominin sites in Kenya and Ethiopia, including Chew Bahir. The combined core data from all five sites will allow comparison of 4 million years of environmental change with the record of human and mammalian evolution, extinction, cultural innovation, and geographic dispersal. The data will be used to evaluate models of climatic and tectonic forcing of environmental processes and landscape resources, and will facilitate testing of hypotheses linking climate variability to human origins, evolution, population change, extinction, and dispersal from Africa into Eurasia.

该提案寻求资金来支付地球物理调查和东非更新世湖泊沉积物的科学钻探以及随后的分析。该项目的目的是提供长期，连续且高度解决的古环境记录，这将促进通过重建人类进化历史上半百万年的关键间隔的气候和景观变化，将人类物理和文化进化与环境变化联系起来的假设。这项计划的研究集中在南埃塞俄比亚的5公里深的裂谷盆地Chew Bahir上，靠近Konso，Omo-Kibish和East Turkana的重要人类化石地点。钻探将于2013年11月至12月进行，深度为400 m，估计将覆盖最近500，000年。发光，放射性碳，tephrochonology，古磁性和40AR/39AR日期方法将用于确定核心的年龄范围和时间分辨率。使用沉积物地球化学，生物标志物，同位素，花粉和硅藻的多种方法，将用于重建水分平衡，温度和集水区植被的过去变化。统计技术将用于定义最大的气候变化和最大变异性的周期，然后用来对人类种群的自然选择进行建模，该自然选择是根据考古遗址的区域密度测量的。特别的重点将放在135-125 ka时期，以检验以下假设，即在气候变化很强的时期之后，人类范围扩展发生在非洲。 Chew Bahir项目是由国际大陆钻探项目（ICDP），NSF（美国）和DFG（德国）支持的较大人类场所和古湖钻探项目（HSPDP）的一部分。 HSPDP涉及在肯尼亚和埃塞俄比亚的五个全球早期人本地地点（包括Chew Bahir）的五个全球早期人类蛋白地点进行深入钻探。来自所有五个地点的核心数据的组合数据将允许将400万年的环境变化与人类和哺乳动物进化，灭绝，文化创新和地理散布的记录进行比较。数据将用于评估环境过程和景观资源的气候和构造强迫模型，并将促进将气候变异性与人类起源，进化，人口变化，灭绝和从非洲散布到欧亚大陆的假设的测试。

项目成果

The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: High-Resolution Paleoclimate Records from the East African Rift System and Their Implications for Understanding the Environmental Context of Hominin Evolution

古人类遗址和古湖泊钻探项目：东非裂谷系统的高分辨率古气候记录及其对了解古人类进化环境背景的意义

• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Paleoanthropology
• 作者: Campisano Cj

The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project

古人类遗址和古湖钻探项目

• DOI: 10.4207/pa.2017.art104
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Paleoanthropology
• 作者: Christopher Campisano

Advanced Hyperspectral Analysis of Sediment Core Samples from the Chew Bahir Basin, Ethiopian Rift, in the Spectral Range from 0.25 to 17 µm: Support for Climate Proxy Interpretation

对埃塞俄比亚裂谷 Chew Bahir 盆地沉积物核心样本进行高级高光谱分析，光谱范围为 0.25 至 17 µm：支持气候代理解释

• DOI: 10.3389/feart.2021.606588
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Frontiers in Earth Science
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Arnold G

The Hominin Sites and Paleolakes Drilling Project: inferring the environmental context of human evolution from eastern African rift lake deposits

• DOI: 10.5194/sd-21-1-2016
• 发表时间: 2016-02-19
• 期刊: SCIENTIFIC DRILLING
• 影响因子: 1.2
• 作者: Cohen, A.;Campisano, C.;Zinaye, B.
• 通讯作者: Zinaye, B.

John Birks: Pioneer in quantitative palaeoecology

约翰·伯克斯：定量古生态学的先驱

• DOI: 10.1177/0959683614556390
• 发表时间: 2014
• 期刊: The Holocene
• 作者: Battarbee R