GNSS Wave Glider: A new tool for sea level and sea state measurement

GNSS Wave Glider：海平面和海况测量的新工具

基本信息

批准号：
NE/K005421/2
负责人：
Miguel Ángel Morales Maqueda
金额：
$ 20.29万
依托单位：
Newcastle University
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2015
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2015 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK005421%2F2
关键词：
GNSS Wave Glider new tool

项目摘要

Variations in sea level have a great environmental impact. They modulate coastal deposition, erosion and morphology, regulate heat and salt fluxes in estuaries, bays and ground waters, and control the dynamics of coastal ecosystems. Sea level variability has importance for coastal navigation, the building of coastal infrastructure, and the management of waste. The challenges of measuring, understanding and predicting sea level variations take particular relevance within the backdrop of global sea level rise, which might lead to the displacement of hundreds of millions of people by the end of this century.Sea level measurement relies primarily on the use of coastal tide gauges and satellite altimetry. Tide gauges provide sea levels at fine time resolutions (up to one second), but collect data only in coastal areas, and are irregularly distributed, with large gaps in the southern hemisphere and at high latitudes. Satellite altimetry, in contrast, has poor time resolution (ten days or longer), but provides near global coverage at moderate spatial resolutions (10-to-100 kilometres). Altimetric sea level products are problematic near the coast for reasons such as uncertainties in applying sea state bias corrections, errors in coastal tidal models, and large geoid gradients. The complicated shoreline geometry means that the raw altimeter data have to either undergo special transformations to provide more reliable measurements of sea level or be rejected.Developments in GPS measurements from buoys are now making it possible to determine sea surface heights with accuracy comparable to that of altimetry. In combination with coastal tide gauges, GPS buoys could be used as the nodes of a global sea level monitoring network extending beyond the coast. However, GPS buoys have several downsides. They are difficult and expensive to deploy, maintain, and recover, and, like conventional tide gauges, provide time series only at individual points in the ocean. This proposal focuses on the development of a unique system that overcomes these shortcomings.We propose a technology-led project to integrate Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS i.e. encompassing GPS, GLONASS and, possibly, Galileo) technology with a state-of-the-art, unmanned surface vehicle: a Wave Glider. The glider farms the ocean wave field for propulsion, uses solar power to run on board equipment, and uses satellite communications for remote navigation and data transmission. A Wave Glider equipped with a high-accuracy GNSS receiver and data logger is effectively a fully autonomous, mobile, floating tide gauge. Missions and routes can be preprogrammed as well as changed remotely. Because the glider can be launched and retrieved from land or from a small boat, the costs associated with deployment, maintenance and recovery of the GNSS Wave Glider are comparatively small.GNSS Wave Glider technology promises a level of versatility well beyond that of existing ways of measuring sea levels. Potential applications of a GNSS Wave Glider include: 1) measurement of mean sea level and monitoring of sea level variations worldwide, 2) linking of offshore and onshore vertical datums, 3) calibration of satellite altimetry, notably in support of current efforts to reinterpret existing altimetric data near the coast, but also in remote and difficult to access areas, 4) determination of regional geoid variations, 5) ocean model improvement.The main thrust of this project is to integrate a state-of-the-art, geodetic-grade GNSS receiver and logging system with a Wave Glider recently acquired by NOC to create a mobile and autonomous GNSS-based tide gauge. By the end of the project, a demonstrator GNSS Wave Glider will be available for use by NOC and the UK marine community. The system performance will be validated against tide gauge data. Further tests will involve the use of the GNSS Wave Glider to calibrate sea surface heights and significant wave heights from Cryosat-2.

海平面的变化具有很大的环境影响。它们调节沿海沉积，侵蚀和形态，调节河口，海湾和地下水中的热量和盐通量，并控制沿海生态系统的动态。海平面变异性对于沿海航行，沿海基础设施的建设和废物管理至关重要。在全球海平面上升的背景下，衡量，理解和预测海平面变化的挑战特别相关，这可能导致在本世纪末到本世纪末的数亿人口。SEA水平的测量主要取决于沿海潮汐潮汐表和卫星高度的使用。潮汐仪在良好的时间分辨率（最多一秒钟）提供海平面，但仅在沿海地区收集数据，并且分布不规则，在南半球和高纬度地区的差距很大。相比之下，卫星高度测定的时间分辨率较差（十天或更长时间），但在中等空间分辨率（10到100公里）下提供了几乎全球覆盖率。高度计的海平面产品在海岸附近存在问题，原因是诸如应用海州偏见校正，沿海潮汐模型中的错误和大的地质梯度的原因。复杂的海岸线几何形状意味着原始高度计数据必须进行特殊转换以提供更可靠的海平面测量或被拒绝。从浮标的GPS测量中的开发使得可以确定具有与高度计的准确性相当的海面高度。结合沿海潮汐仪，GPS浮标可以用作全球海平面监测网络的节点，该网络延伸到沿海地区。但是，GPS浮标有几个缺点。它们很难部署，维护和恢复，并且像常规的潮汐仪一样，仅在海洋各个点提供时间序列。该提案的重点是克服这些缺点的独特系统的开发。我们提出了一个以技术为主导的项目，以整合全球导航卫星系统（GNSS，即涵盖GPS，GLONASS，GLONASS以及可能是伽利略）技术，并将其与最先进的，无人驾驶的，无人驾驶的表面车辆：一辆波动掌握。滑翔机农场的海浪场进行推进，使用太阳能在板上运行，并使用卫星通信进行远程导航和数据传输。配备了高精度GNSS接收器和数据记录仪的波滑翔机实际上是一个完全自动的，移动的，浮动的潮汐量表。任务和路线可以进行预编程，并远程更改。由于滑翔机可以从陆地或小船上发射和检索，因此与部署，维护和恢复GNSS波滑翔机相关的成本相对较小。GNSSWave Glider Technology有望超出现有的海平面测量方法的多功能性。 GNSS波浪滑翔机的潜在应用包括：1）在全球范围内的平均海平面测量和监测海平面变化的测量，2）链接在近海和陆上垂直基准的连接，3）3）卫星高度测定的校准，特别是为当前努力的努力，以及在偏远地区的偏远地区的范围，以及4）的范围，4），4）改进。该项目的主要目的是将最先进的，测量级的GNSS接收器和记录系统与NOC最近获得的波滑翔机相结合，以创建基于移动和自主GNSS的潮汐量表。到该项目结束时，示威者GNSS Wave Glider将被NOC和英国海洋社区使用。系统性能将根据潮汐量表数据进行验证。进一步的测试将涉及使用GNSS波滑翔机来校准海面高度和CryoSat-2的显着波高。