Greenhouse gAs Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE)

英国温室气体和全球排放量（GAUGE）

• 批准号: NE/K002570/1
• 负责人: Neil Harris
• 金额: $ 54.02万
• 依托单位: University of Cambridge
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK002570%2F1
• 关键词: Greenhouse; gAs; Uk; Global; Emissions

To minimize the risk of dangerous climate change associated with increasing concentrations of atmospheric greenhouse gases (GHG), as part of ongoing international efforts, the 2008 Climate Change Act requires that the UK reduces its GHG emissions by at least 80% by 2050, compared to 1990 levels. To support such legislation, methods must be developed to reduce uncertainty on existing national GHG emissions estimates and monitor the efficacy of emissions reduction strategies. In 2010, CO2 represented about 85% of total UK GHG emissions, with the remainder largely from methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O). In 2010, the main UK sources of CO2 were energy supply, road transport, business, and residential; the main sources of CH4 were agriculture and landfill with small sources from gas leakage and coal mines; and the main sources of N2O were agriculture, industrial process, and road transport. There are substantial associated uncertainties with sectoral estimates of these emissions, particularly for N2O.The main focus of Greenhouse gAs Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE) is to quantify UK budgets of CO2, CH4, and N2O from different sectors, and to improve global GHG budgets. The UK study will focus on fossil fuels and agriculture, the two largest sources of the three GHGs. We will achieve this by combining atmospheric measurements with computer models of the atmosphere, which describe the movement of GHGs after emission. We already have a reasonable idea of where GHGs are emitted but the size of the emissions typically has a large associated error. Depending on the emission type it may also have a substantial seasonal cycle (e.g., agriculture). It is therefore important we make regular GHG measurements at different times of the year and in different places. The UK research aircraft will provide the broad-scale 3-D perspective on the inflow and outflow of UK GHG budgets, complementing information from existing tall towers. The network of tall towers measure GHGs at 100-200m above the surface to ensure that the sampled air is representative of larger areas, and the towers are intentionally sited to provide estimates of GHG emissions in the Devolved Administrations. As part of GAUGE we will add to this network with a tower in the Scottish borders that provides substantially more information about the north of England, Scotland, and the North Sea; a tower over SE England, downwind of London; and we will support existing instruments on the BT tower in central London. The SE London tower and the BT tower together will allow us to provide the first multi-year record of urban emissions from a megacity. We will use GHG isotopes to improve understanding of the fossil fuel sources. A detailed study of agricultural GHG emissions will be conducted over East Anglia, allowing us to quantify the importance of this sector in the UK GHG budget. Weekly measurements aboard a North Sea ferry will provide constraints on UK GHG fluxes by regularly sampling transects of UK outflow. Satellite observations of GHGs offer a unique global perspective, linking UK emissions to the rest of the world, and we will work with NASA to develop and apply new observations to quantify global GHG budgets on a sub-UK spatial scale. Embedded in this long-term measurement strategy will be a measurement intensive to quantify London GHG emissions, where we will use the UK research aircraft to sample profiles of upwind/downwind air, validate dedicated satellite observations, and link urban measurements with downwind in situ and tall tower measurements.In GAUGE we bring together computer models of the atmosphere, and a team of world-leading modellers, in order to relate observed variations of GHGs to estimates of the underlying emissions. Statistical approaches will be used to find emissions that best agree with the measurements, taking account of model and data uncertainties. The main outcome from GAUGE will be robust GHG emission estimates from the UK and from the world.

为了最大程度地降低与日益增加的气候变化风险，因为作为正在进行的国际努力的一部分，大气温室气体（GHG）的浓度不断增加，2008年《气候变化法》要求英国将其温室气排放降低到2050年，而与1990年的水平相比。为了支持此类立法，必须开发方法来减少现有国家温室气体排放估算的不确定性并监测减少排放策略的功效。 2010年，二氧化碳约占英国GHG排放量的85％，其余的主要来自甲烷（CH4）和一氧化二氮（N2O）。 2010年，英国的主要二氧化碳来源是能源供应，道路运输，商业和住宅。 CH4的主要来源是农业和垃圾填埋场，来自气体泄漏和煤矿的少量来源； N2O的主要来源是农业，工业过程和道路运输。与这些排放的部门估计有实质性的不确定性，尤其是对于N2O。英国的研究将重点介绍化石燃料和农业，这是三种温室气体的两个最大来源。我们将通过将大气测量与大气的计算机模型相结合来实现这一目标，该测量描述了发射后温室气体的运动。我们已经有一个合理的想法，即在何处发射葡萄干，但是排放的大小通常存在很大的关联错误。根据排放类型的不同，它也可能具有大量的季节周期（例如农业）。因此，重要的是，我们在一年中的不同时间和不同的地方进行定期的温室气测量。英国研究飞机将提供有关英国温室气体预算的流入和流出的大规模3-D观点，从而补充了现有高塔的信息。高塔的网络在地面上方100-200m处测量温室气体，以确保采样空气代表较大的区域，并且有意地将塔楼定位以提供估计权力下降的管理部门的温室气体排放量。作为仪表的一部分，我们将在苏格兰边界中的塔楼添加到该网络中，这些塔楼提供了更多有关英格兰北部，苏格兰和北海的信息。伦敦下风的英格兰南部的一座塔；我们将支持伦敦市中心的BT塔上的现有乐器。 SE伦敦大厦和BT塔一起将使我们能够提供大型城市排放的第一年多年记录。我们将使用温室气体同位素来提高对化石燃料来源的了解。对东英吉利的农业温室气体排放的详细研究将使我们能够量化该行业在英国GHG预算中的重要性。北海渡轮上的每周测量将通过定期采样英国流出的样本来提供对英国温室气通量的限制。卫星对温室气体的观察提供了独特的全球视角，将英国排放与世界其他地区联系起来，我们将与NASA合作开发和应用新的观察结果，以在次级空间量表上量化全球温室气体预算。嵌入了这种长期测量策略的嵌入式将是量化伦敦温室气体排放的量度强度，我们将使用英国研究飞机来取样朝外/下风空气的概况，验证专用的卫星观察，并将城市测量值与下风和塔塔的仪式相关联。温室气体对基础排放的估计的变化。考虑模型和数据不确定性，统计方法将用于查找最能与测量结果相吻合的排放。仪表的主要结果将是英国和世界的强大温室排放估计。

项目成果

Estimating the size of a methane emission point-source at different scales: from local to landscape

估算不同尺度的甲烷排放点源的规模：从局部到景观

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2016-963
• 发表时间: 2016
• 作者: Riddick S

Measuring methane emissions from oil and gas platforms in the North Sea

测量北海石油和天然气平台的甲烷排放量

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2019-90
• 发表时间: 2019
• 作者: Riddick S

A measurement-based verification framework for UK greenhouse gas emissions: an overview of the Greenhouse gAs Uk and Global Emissions (GAUGE) project

英国温室气体排放基于测量的验证框架：英国温室气体和全球排放 (GAUGE) 项目概述

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-2018-135
• 发表时间: 2018
• 作者: Palmer P

CH<sub>4</sub> emission estimates from an active landfill site inferred from a combined approach of CFD modelling and in situ FTIR measurements

CH

• DOI: 10.5194/amt-2016-382
• 发表时间: 2017
• 作者: Sonderfeld H

Estimating the size of a methane emission point source at different scales: from local to landscape

估算不同尺度的甲烷排放点源的大小：从局部到景观

• DOI: 10.5194/acp-17-7839-2017
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics
• 影响因子: 6.3
• 作者: Riddick S