CaNDyFloSS: Carbon and Nutrient Dynamics and Fluxes over Shelf Systems

CanDYFloSS：架子系统上的碳和养分动态及通量

• 批准号: NE/K00185X/1
• 负责人: Christopher Moore
• 金额: $ 34.57万
• 依托单位: University of Southampton
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FK00185X%2F1
• 关键词: CaNDyFloSS; Carbon; Nutrient; Dynamics; Fluxes

The large continental land masses are surrounded by extensive shallow (ca 100m depth) seas known as the 'shelf seas'. These act as the boundary between the massively perturbed terrestrial environment and the vast open ocean marine system, and have huge socio-economic importance. They are the primary regions of human marine resource exploitation, including both renewable and fossil fuel energy sources, recreation, trade and food production. Although comprising only about 5% of the global ocean surface area, the shelf seas provide 90% of the global fish catches which form an important source of food to much of the global population. They also play an important role in the ecosystem services provided by the oceans as a whole, in particular in storing carbon away from the atmosphere.Physical and biochemical processes in shelf seas influence the removal of CO2 from the atmosphere and the subsequent storage of carbon in the deep ocean. Biological growth draws carbon out of the water, which is then replaced by carbon in CO2 from the atmosphere. In the shelf seas this growth is supported by terrestrial and open ocean sources of nutrients, implying intimate roles for both the terrestrial biosphere and the open ocean environment in regulating shelf sea climate services. The oceans can also be a major source or sink for other greenhouse gases, including nitrous oxide (N2O), with the shallow shelf seas thought to play a key role.The spatial extent of the submerged continental shelves varies greatly. The NW European shelf sea is one of the largest and hence is likely to play a significant role in marine biogeochemical cycling, alongside providing a useful model for other systems However, even in this relatively well studied region, we lack a good understanding of the principal controls on the cycling of carbon and the major nutrient elements, nitrogen, phosphorous and silicon. Consequently it is also difficult to predict how the cycling of these elements and hence the carbon removal they support may be altered by ongoing and potential future global change. Our proposal aims to address these uncertainties through a comprehensive study of the cycling of the major nutrients and carbon throughout the water column over the NW European shelf sea system.Through close collaboration with a range of partners, we will undertake a year-long observation programme of the whole NW European continental shelf. We will measure the seawater concentrations of the major forms of carbon and nutrients. Combining these with physical water transports and measured transfer of gases (specifically CO2 and N2O) between the air and sea surface, we will quantify the major fluxes of nutrients and carbon between the shelf sea and both the adjacent deep ocean and atmosphere. This will definitively establish the role of this shelf system in the global carbon and nutrient cycles. We will also undertake 4 dedicated research cruises focused on understanding the seasonal cycle of biological and chemical processing of the different forms of the nutrients and carbon. We will measure the rates at which both the photosynthetic and consumer plankton incorporate nutrients and carbon into their cellular material, and subsequently how the combined activity of this biological/chemical system influences the cycling of the major elements. This will allow us to understand the ways in which the role of the shelf system in global cycles is maintained.The combined work delivered by both this proposal and the other programme workpackages will allow us to identify aspects of the NW European shelf system which may be susceptible to ongoing or future environmental changes. Such knowledge will provide both enhanced scientific understanding and improved predictive tools for policy makers and other stakeholders.

大型大陆土地被称为“架子海”的广泛浅浅（100m深度）包围。这些是巨大的陆地环境与广阔的开放海洋系统之间的界限，并且具有巨大的社会经济重要性。它们是人类海洋资源开发的主要地区，包括可再生和化石燃料能源，娱乐，贸易和粮食生产。尽管仅占全球海洋表面积的约5％，但货架海提供了90％的全球鱼类捕获，这是全球大部分人口的重要食物来源。它们在整个海洋提供的生态系统服务中也起着重要作用，尤其是将碳远离大气的碳储存。货架海的物理和生化过程会影响二氧化碳从大气中的清除，以及随后在深海中碳的存储。生物生长从水中抽出碳，然后用大气中的二氧化碳中的碳取代。在货架海中，这种增长得到了营养成分的陆地和开放海洋来源的支持，这意味着陆地生物圈和开阔的海洋环境都在调节货架海气候服务方面具有亲密的作用。海洋也可以是其他温室气体（包括一氧化二氮（N2O））的主要来源，也可以是浅架海洋，认为扮演着关键角色。淹没的大陆架的空间范围差异很大。西北欧洲架子是最大的海洋之一，因此很可能在海洋生物地球化学循环中发挥重要作用，同时为其他系统提供了有用的模型，但是，即使在这个相对良好的研究区域中，我们对碳循环的主要控制和主要营养元素和主要营养元素和主要营养元素，氮基因和氮，磷酸和硅酸盐，磷酸和硅酸盐。因此，也很难预测如何通过持续和潜在的未来全球变化来改变它们所支持的碳去除。我们的建议旨在通过全面研究整个水柱上的主要营养素和碳在NW欧洲货架系统上的循环。通过与一系列合作伙伴进行密切合作，我们将对整个NW欧洲大陆货架进行了为期一年的观察计划。我们将测量主要形式的碳和养分的海水浓度。将它们与物理水的传输结合在一起，并在空气和海面之间测量气体转移（特别是二氧化碳和N2O），我们将量化货架海以及相邻的深海和大气之间的养分和碳的主要通量。这将确定确定该货架系统在全球碳和营养周期中的作用。我们还将进行4项专门的研究巡游，重点是了解不同形式的营养物质和碳的生物学和化学加工的季节性周期。我们将测量光合作用和消费者浮游生物将营养和碳纳入其细胞材料的速度，然后该生物/化学系统的合并活性如何影响主要元素的循环。这将使我们能够了解货架系统在全球周期中的作用的方式。该提案和其他计划工作包提供的合并工作将使我们能够确定可能对正在进行或未来环境变化的NW欧洲货架系统的各个方面。这些知识将为政策制定者和其他利益相关者提供增强的科学理解和改进的预测工具。

项目成果

Control of a phytoplankton bloom by wind-driven vertical mixing and light availability

通过风驱动的垂直混合和光照控制浮游植物的繁殖

• DOI: 10.1002/lno.11734
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Limnology and Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.5
• 作者: Hopkins J

Mechanisms for a nutrient-conserving carbon pump in a seasonally stratified, temperate continental shelf sea

季节性分层温带大陆架海中营养保存碳泵的机制

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2018.05.001
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Progress in Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: Humphreys M

Seasonal changes in plankton respiration and bacterial metabolism in a temperate shelf sea

温带陆架海浮游生物呼吸和细菌代谢的季节变化

• DOI: 10.1016/j.pocean.2017.12.002
• 发表时间: 2019
• 期刊: Progress in Oceanography
• 影响因子: 4.1
• 作者: García-Martín E

Total Water Column Analysis Shows the Importance of a Single Species in Subsurface Chlorophyll Maximum Thin Layers in Stratified Waters

• DOI: 10.3389/fmars.2021.733799
• 发表时间: 2022-01-14
• 期刊: FRONTIERS IN MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.7
• 作者: Barnett, Michelle L.;Kemp, Alan E. S.;Purdie, Duncan A.
• 通讯作者: Purdie, Duncan A.

Climate sensitivity and the rate of ocean acidification: future impacts, and implications for experimental design

• DOI: 10.1093/icesjms/fsw189
• 发表时间: 2017-05-01
• 期刊: ICES JOURNAL OF MARINE SCIENCE
• 影响因子: 3.3
• 作者: Humphreys, Matthew P.