CODING AND PROCESSING OF SOUND SOURCE CHARACTERISTICS

声源特性的编码和处理

• 批准号: 6104436
• 负责人: RICHARD R FAY
• 金额: $ 14.55万
• 依托单位: WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1999
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1999-04-01 至 2000-03-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6104436
• 关键词: Osteichthyes; afferent nerve; animal communication behavior; auditory stimulus; biocytin; brain stem; electrophysiology; hearing; imaging /visualization /scanning; innervation; mechanical pressure; nerve endings; neural information processing; neuroanatomy; otocyst /otolith; psychoacoustics; sound; vocalization

The overall goals of this proposal are to study the mechanisms of hearing and sound communication in a simply organized vertebrate, the oyster toadfish (Opsanus tau). The toadfish is a vocal species whose acoustic vocalization behavior, vestibular organs, and brainstem nuclei are well studied. In fishes, sound is transduced by hair cells of one or more otolith organs that are adapted as acoustic receivers operating in a frequency range up to several kHz. The otolith organs of fishes have been important preparations for the study of hair cell synaptic physiology, efferent mechanisms, hair cell biophysics, and neurophysiology-behavior relations in hearing. However, wide gaps in our understanding of hearing and sound communication mediated by otolith organs has been due to the difficulties in specifying the adequate stimulus (pressure, displacement, velocity or acceleration), and the identify of the endorgans normally responsive to these quantities. New methods for controlling these variables now make it possible to advance our knowledge about the mechanisms of the ears, hearing, and sound communication in these simply organized vertebrates. Sounds, including sinusoids and model toadfish vocalizations will be synthesized in the laboratory using a 3-dimensional motion system and a sound pressure source. Recording from primary afferents of the utricle, lagena, and saccule will characterize their spatial directionality, acceleration and pressure sensitivity, and tuning. Comparisons with the vocalization sounds toadfish normally experience in the natural environment will permit an identification of the adequate stimulus in the field, and the role of each endorgan in hearing. Intracellular recording of primary afferents from the otolith organs will physiologically characterize their response to communication sounds, and injections of biocytin or other tracers molecules will allow visualization of their peripheral terminations and central projections. New knowledge will be obtained on the morphological substrates that distinguish acoustic and vestibular functions peripherally and centrally, and the projection and convergence from the various endorgans of auditory signals of known biological significance in the brainstem will be described and analyzed. Studies of hearing in animals are not only necessary for the development of specific model systems for normal and pathological hearing functions in humans, but are also important for providing a general biological and evolutionary context within which new data from any species, including humans, may be better interpreted and applied. This research will help determine the distinctions and commonalities between vestibular and auditory functions and structures so that we may better understand how vestibular organs may function in hearing.

该提案的总体目标是研究听力机制 牡蛎是一种结构简单的脊椎动物，具有良好的沟通能力 蟾鱼（Opsanus tau）。 蟾蜍是一种发声物种，其声音 发声行为、前庭器官和脑干核团均良好 研究过。 在鱼类中，声音是由一个或多个毛细胞传导的 耳石器官，适合作为声学接收器在 频率范围高达几kHz。 鱼类的耳石器官有 是毛细胞突触研究的重要准备 生理学、传出机制、毛细胞生物物理学，以及 听力中的神经生理学与行为关系。 然而，我们的差距还很大 对耳石介导的听觉和声音交流的理解 由于难以确定适当的 刺激（压力、位移、速度或加速度），以及 识别通常对这些量有反应的内器官。 新的 控制这些变量的方法现在使得有可能进步 我们对耳朵、听觉和声音机制的了解 这些组织简单的脊椎动物之间的交流。 声音，包括正弦波和模型蟾蜍发声将是 使用 3 维运动系统和 声压源。 从椭圆囊的初级传入记录， lagena 和 saccule 将表征它们的空间方向性， 加速度和压力灵敏度以及调谐。 与 蟾蜍在自然环境中通常会发出声音 环境将允许识别足够的刺激 场，以及每个内器官在听力中的作用。 来自耳石器官的初级传入的细胞内记录将 生理上表征他们对通信声音的反应，以及 注射生物胞素或其他示踪分子将允许 其外围终端和中心投影的可视化。 将获得关于形态基质的新知识 区分外周和中枢的听觉和前庭功能， 以及听觉各内器官的投射和会聚 脑干中已知生物学意义的信号将是 进行了描述和分析。 对动物听力的研究不仅是发育所必需的 正常和病理听力功能的特定模型系统 在人类中，但对于提供一般的生物学和 来自任何物种的新数据的进化背景，包括 人类可以更好地解释和应用。 这项研究将有助于 确定前庭和前庭之间的区别和共同点 听觉功能和结构，以便我们更好地理解如何 前庭器官可能具有听觉功能。