The role of lateral exchange in modulating the seaward flux of C, N, P.

横向交换在调节 C、N、P 向海通量中的作用。

基本信息

批准号：
NE/J012106/1
负责人：
Mark Trimmer
金额：
$ 129.48万
依托单位：
Queen Mary University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ012106%2F1
关键词：
role lateral exchange modulating seaward

项目摘要

All living organisms that make up life on Earth are made from a profusion of elements in the periodic table, including trace metals. However, in addition to oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), the constituents of water, the three most important are Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P). These have become known as the Macro-Nutrients. These macronutrients are in constant circulation between living organisms (microbes, plants, animals, us) and the environment (atmosphere, land, rivers, oceans). Until human intervention (circa post industrial revolution and even more so since WWII) these 'cycles' were largely in balance: plants took up CO2 and produced O2 and, in order to do so, took up limited amounts of N and P from the environment (soils, rivers) and, on death, this "sequestered" C,N,P was returned back to the Earth. The problem is that human or anthropogenic activity has put these key macro-nutrient cycles out of balance. For example, vast quantities of once fossilised carbon, taken out of the atmosphere before the age of the dinosaurs, are being burnt in our power stations and this has increased atmospheric CO2 by about 30 % in recent times. More alarmingly, perhaps, is that man's industrial efforts have more than doubled the amount of N available to fertilize plants, and vast amounts of P are also released through fertilizer applications and via sewage. As the population continues to grow, and the developing world catches up, and most likely overtakes, the western world, these imbalances in the macro-nutrient cycles are set to be exacerbated. Indeed, such is the impact of man's activity on Earth that some are calling this the 'Anthropocene': Geology's new age. The environmental and social problems associated with these imbalances are diverse and complex; most people would be familiar with the ideas behind global warming and CO2 but fewer may appreciate the links to methane and nitrous oxide or the potential health impacts of excess nitrate in our drinking water. These imbalances are not being ignored and indeed a great deal of science, policy and management has been expended to mitigate the impacts of these imbalances. However, despite our progress in the science underpinning this understanding over the last 30-40 years or so, too much of this science has been focused on the individual macro-nutrients e.g. N, and in isolated parts of the landscape e.g. rivers. To compound this even further, such knowledge and understanding has often been garnered using disparate, or sometimes even antiquated, techniques. Anthropogenic activity has spread this macro-nutrient pollution all over the landscape. Some of it is taken up by life, some is stored, but a good deal of it works its way through the landscape towards our already threatened seas. We need to understand what happens to the macronutrients as they move, or flux, through different parts of the landscape and such understanding can only come about by a truly integrated science programme which examines the fate of the macronutrients simultaneously in different parts of the landscape. Here we will for the first time make parallel measurements, using truly state-of-the-art technologies, of the cycling and flux of all three macronutrients on the land and in the rivers that that land drains and, most importantly, the movement of water that transports the macro-nutrients from the land to the rivers e.g. the hydrology. Moreover, we will compare these parallel measurements across land to river in different types of landscapes: clay, sandstone and chalk, subjected to different agricultural usage in order to understand how the cycling on the land is connected, via the movement of water, to that in the rivers.

地球上构成生命的所有生物体都是由元素周期表中的大量元素组成的，其中包括微量金属。然而，除了水的成分氧（O）和氢（H）之外，最重要的三种成分是碳（C）、氮（N）和磷（P）。这些被称为宏量营养素。这些大量营养素在生物体（微生物、植物、动物、我们）和环境（大气、土地、河流、海洋）之间不断循环。在人类干预之前（大约在工业革命后，甚至自二战以来），这些“循环”基本上处于平衡状态：植物吸收二氧化碳并产生氧气，为此，从环境中吸收了有限数量的氮和磷（土壤、河流），死亡后，这些“隔离的”C、N、P 又返回地球。问题在于人类或人为活动使这些关键的宏观营养循环失去平衡。例如，在恐龙时代之前从大气中取出的大量曾经化石的碳正在我们的发电站中燃烧，这导致近年来大气中的二氧化碳含量增加了约 30%。也许更令人担忧的是，人类的工业努力使可用于植物施肥的氮量增加了一倍以上，并且大量的磷也通过施肥和污水释放。随着人口持续增长，发展中国家赶上并很可能超过西方世界，宏观营养循环的失衡势必会加剧。事实上，人类活动对地球的影响如此之大，以至于有些人称之为“人类世”：地质学的新时代。与这些失衡相关的环境和社会问题多种多样且复杂；大多数人都会熟悉全球变暖和二氧化碳背后的想法，但很少有人了解它们与甲烷和一氧化二氮的联系或饮用水中过量硝酸盐对健康的潜在影响。这些不平衡现象并没有被忽视，实际上已经投入了大量的科学、政策和管理来减轻这些不平衡的影响。然而，尽管我们在过去 30-40 年左右的时间里在科学上取得了进步，支撑了这种理解，但这门科学的太多内容仍然集中在单个宏量营养素上，例如。 N，以及景观的孤立部分，例如河流。更进一步的是，这种知识和理解通常是通过不同的、有时甚至是过时的技术来获得的。人类活动已将这种宏观营养物污染传播到整个景观。其中一些被生命吸收，一些被储存，但其中很大一部分通过景观流向我们已经受到威胁的海洋。我们需要了解常量营养素在景观的不同部分移动或流动时会发生什么，而这种理解只能通过真正综合的科学计划来实现，该计划同时检查常量营养素在景观不同部分的命运。在这里，我们将首次使用真正最先进的技术，对土地上和土地排水的河流中所有三种常量营养素的循环和通量进行并行测量，最重要的是，测量将大量营养物质从陆地输送到河流的水，例如河流。水文学。此外，我们将比较不同类型景观（粘土、砂岩和白垩）中从陆地到河流的这些平行测量结果，它们受到不同的农业用途的影响，以了解陆地上的循环如何通过水的运动与该区域联系起来。在河流中。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Hydrological properties predict the composition of microbial communities cycling methane and nitrogen in rivers.

DOI：
10.1038/s43705-022-00087-7
发表时间：
2022-01-21
期刊：
ISME COMMUNICATIONS
影响因子：
0
作者：
Clark, Dave R.;Mckew, Boyd A.;Binley, Andrew;Heppell, Catherine M.;Whitby, Corinne;Trimmer, Mark
通讯作者：
Trimmer, Mark

Genome size and ploidy influence angiosperm species' biomass under nitrogen and phosphorus limitation.

DOI：
10.1111/nph.13881
发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
The New phytologist
影响因子：
0
作者：
Guignard MS;Nichols RA;Knell RJ;Macdonald A;Romila CA;Trimmer M;Leitch IJ;Leitch AR
通讯作者：
Leitch AR

The interplay between transport and reaction rates as controls on nitrate attenuation in permeable, streambed sediments