The role of lateral exchange in modulating the seaward flux of C, N, P.

横向交换在调节 C、N、P 向海通量中的作用。

基本信息

批准号：
NE/J012106/1
负责人：
Mark Trimmer
金额：
$ 129.48万
依托单位：
Queen Mary University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2012
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2012 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ012106%2F1
关键词：
role lateral exchange modulating seaward

项目摘要

All living organisms that make up life on Earth are made from a profusion of elements in the periodic table, including trace metals. However, in addition to oxygen (O) and hydrogen (H), the constituents of water, the three most important are Carbon (C), Nitrogen (N) and Phosphorus (P). These have become known as the Macro-Nutrients. These macronutrients are in constant circulation between living organisms (microbes, plants, animals, us) and the environment (atmosphere, land, rivers, oceans). Until human intervention (circa post industrial revolution and even more so since WWII) these 'cycles' were largely in balance: plants took up CO2 and produced O2 and, in order to do so, took up limited amounts of N and P from the environment (soils, rivers) and, on death, this "sequestered" C,N,P was returned back to the Earth. The problem is that human or anthropogenic activity has put these key macro-nutrient cycles out of balance. For example, vast quantities of once fossilised carbon, taken out of the atmosphere before the age of the dinosaurs, are being burnt in our power stations and this has increased atmospheric CO2 by about 30 % in recent times. More alarmingly, perhaps, is that man's industrial efforts have more than doubled the amount of N available to fertilize plants, and vast amounts of P are also released through fertilizer applications and via sewage. As the population continues to grow, and the developing world catches up, and most likely overtakes, the western world, these imbalances in the macro-nutrient cycles are set to be exacerbated. Indeed, such is the impact of man's activity on Earth that some are calling this the 'Anthropocene': Geology's new age. The environmental and social problems associated with these imbalances are diverse and complex; most people would be familiar with the ideas behind global warming and CO2 but fewer may appreciate the links to methane and nitrous oxide or the potential health impacts of excess nitrate in our drinking water. These imbalances are not being ignored and indeed a great deal of science, policy and management has been expended to mitigate the impacts of these imbalances. However, despite our progress in the science underpinning this understanding over the last 30-40 years or so, too much of this science has been focused on the individual macro-nutrients e.g. N, and in isolated parts of the landscape e.g. rivers. To compound this even further, such knowledge and understanding has often been garnered using disparate, or sometimes even antiquated, techniques. Anthropogenic activity has spread this macro-nutrient pollution all over the landscape. Some of it is taken up by life, some is stored, but a good deal of it works its way through the landscape towards our already threatened seas. We need to understand what happens to the macronutrients as they move, or flux, through different parts of the landscape and such understanding can only come about by a truly integrated science programme which examines the fate of the macronutrients simultaneously in different parts of the landscape. Here we will for the first time make parallel measurements, using truly state-of-the-art technologies, of the cycling and flux of all three macronutrients on the land and in the rivers that that land drains and, most importantly, the movement of water that transports the macro-nutrients from the land to the rivers e.g. the hydrology. Moreover, we will compare these parallel measurements across land to river in different types of landscapes: clay, sandstone and chalk, subjected to different agricultural usage in order to understand how the cycling on the land is connected, via the movement of water, to that in the rivers.

构成地球上生命的所有生物体都是由元素周期表中的大量元素制成的，包括痕量金属。但是，除了氧（O）和氢（H）外，最重要的三个水的成分是碳（C），氮（N）和磷（P）。这些已被称为宏观营养素。这些大量营养素在生物（微生物，植物，动物，美国）和环境（大气，陆地，河流，海洋）之间持续循环。直到人类干预（自第二次世界大战之后的工业革命之后，甚至更是如此）这些“循环”在很大程度上保持平衡：植物占用了二氧化碳并生产了O2，为了这样做，为此，从环境（土壤，河流）中占据了有限的N和P，而死亡后，这是“死亡”，“ n secessed” c，n，P返回了地球。问题在于，人类或人为活性使这些关键的宏观营养循环失去了平衡。例如，从恐龙年龄之前从大气中取出的大量曾经化石碳正在我们的动力站燃烧，这使大气二氧化碳的近代近30％增加了约30％。更令人震惊的是，男人的工业努力使植物的n可用n量增加了一倍以上，并且通过肥料施用和污水释放了大量P。随着人口的不断增长，发展中国家追赶，最有可能超越了西方世界，这些宏观营养周期中的这些失衡将被加剧。的确，人类活动对地球的影响是有些人称之为“求爱”：地质学的新时代。与这些失衡相关的环境和社会问题是多样而复杂的。大多数人会熟悉全球变暖和二氧化碳背后的想法，但更少的人可能会欣赏到与甲烷和氧化二氮的联系，或者我们的饮用水中过量硝酸盐的潜在健康影响。这些失衡并没有被忽视，实际上，已经花费了大量的科学，政策和管理来减轻这些失衡的影响。但是，尽管我们在过去30 - 40年左右的科学方面取得了进步，但该科学的大部分都集中在单个宏观营养素上，例如n，在景观的孤立部分中，例如河流。为了进一步加剧这一点，这种知识和理解经常使用不同的甚至过时的技术来获得。人为活性已经在整个景观中传播了这种宏观营养污染。其中有些是由生活所占据的，有些是存储的，但是其中很大一部分通过景观朝着我们已经受到威胁的海洋而行。我们需要了解大量营养素通过景观的不同部分移动或通量时会发生什么，并且这种理解只能通过一个真正综合的科学计划来实现，该计划在景观的不同部分同时研究了大型营养素的命运。在这里，我们将首次使用真正最先进的技术进行平行测量，以对土地上和河流中所有三种大量营养素的循环和通量进行循环，最重要的是，水的流动，将宏观不足的水从陆地上运送到河流到河流，例如。水文学。此外，我们将在不同类型的景观中比较这些平行的测量到河流：粘土，砂岩和粉笔，遭受不同的农业用途，以了解如何通过水的流动将土地上的循环连接到河流中。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（10）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

Hydrological properties predict the composition of microbial communities cycling methane and nitrogen in rivers.

DOI：
10.1038/s43705-022-00087-7
发表时间：
2022-01-21
期刊：
ISME COMMUNICATIONS
影响因子：
0
作者：
Clark, Dave R.;Mckew, Boyd A.;Binley, Andrew;Heppell, Catherine M.;Whitby, Corinne;Trimmer, Mark
通讯作者：
Trimmer, Mark

Genome size and ploidy influence angiosperm species' biomass under nitrogen and phosphorus limitation.

DOI：
10.1111/nph.13881
发表时间：
2016-06
期刊：
The New phytologist
影响因子：
0
作者：
Guignard MS;Nichols RA;Knell RJ;Macdonald A;Romila CA;Trimmer M;Leitch IJ;Leitch AR
通讯作者：
Leitch AR

The interplay between transport and reaction rates as controls on nitrate attenuation in permeable, streambed sediments