Capturing a new episode of unrest at Santorini volcano, Greece

捕捉希腊圣托里尼火山的新一轮骚乱

基本信息

批准号：
NE/J011436/1
负责人：
David Pyle
金额：
$ 6.58万
依托单位：
University of Oxford
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2011
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2011 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ011436%2F1
关键词：
Capturing new episode unrest Santorini

项目摘要

Santorini is a major volcano in the Aegean sea (Greece), which is best known for a major eruption (the Minoan eruption) that occurred about 3,600 years ago, and has been implicated in major environmental and political impacts across the eastern Mediterranean. Since that eruption, which formed a large caldera, now flooded by the sea, volcanic activity at Santorini has been restricted to a small region in the middle of the caldera. Over the past 500 years, six moderate eruptions have taken place, forming the young islands of Nea and Palea Kameni. These eruptions have usually happened with little warning - a few very small earthquakes; some movements of the islands (up and down), and some changes in the seawater around the many hotsprings in the area. Each of these eruptions has involved the slow squeezing out of lava, with a few more dramatic explosions and the ejection of blocks of lava, ash and noxious gases. The last, and smallest, of these eruptions took place in 1950. Since 1950, Santorini has been quiescent - with very few earthqaukes, and very little gas emission. Recently, during fieldwork, we measured a large increase in gas emission rates from near the youngest volcanic vent. We have also now seen some rapid movements of the main island of Santorini (measured by GPS), and of New Kameni (measure by satellite): these show that the islands are being lifted up by a few centimetres per month. There has also been a major swarm of very small earthquakes, some of which have been large enough to be felt by the residents of the islands. We think that all of this evidence shows that Santorini has begun a significant phase of 'unrest'. The pattern of unrest that we have seen is similar to the signals reported that happen before some of the historical eruptions, amd we propose an intensive field campaign to measure the ground deformation and gas emissions, associated with the inflation of this major caldera volcano. Because there have been very few opportunities for scientists to monitor the behaviour of caldera volcanoes during periods of unrest, we really don't yet know how to distinguish between background activity, and activity which might happen before an eruption, at least until just a very short time before an eruption happens. For this reason, we wish to use this rare opportunity to measure the changes with a shallow disturbance at a quiescent but dangerous volcano.

圣托里尼岛是爱琴海（希腊）的一座主要火山，因大约 3,600 年前发生的一次大规模喷发（米诺斯喷发）而闻名，并与整个地中海东部的重大环境和政治影响有关。那次喷发形成了一个巨大的火山口，现已被海水淹没，圣托里尼岛的火山活动仅限于火山口中部的一小片区域。在过去的 500 年里，发生了六次中度火山喷发，形成了年轻的尼亚岛和帕莱卡梅尼岛。这些火山喷发通常在没有任何预警的情况下发生——一些非常小的地震；岛屿的一些运动（上下），以及该地区许多温泉周围海水的一些变化。每一次喷发都会导致熔岩缓慢挤出，还有几次更剧烈的爆炸以及熔岩块、火山灰和有毒气体的喷射。最后一次也是最小的一次喷发发生在 1950 年。自 1950 年以来，圣托里尼岛一直处于平静状态，很少发生地震，也很少有气体排放。最近，在实地工作中，我们测量到最年轻的火山口附近的气体排放率大幅增加。我们现在还看到圣托里尼岛主岛（通过 GPS 测量）和新卡梅尼岛（通过卫星测量）的一些快速移动：这些表明岛屿每月上升几厘米。还发生了一大群非常小的地震，其中一些地震的强度足以让岛上的居民感受到。我们认为所有这些证据都表明圣托里尼岛已经开始了一个重要的“动荡”阶段。我们看到的骚乱模式与历史上一些火山喷发之前发生的信号类似，我们建议开展密集的现场活动，测量与这座主要破火山口火山的膨胀相关的地面变形和气体排放。因为科学家们很少有机会在动荡时期监测破火山口的行为，所以我们真的还不知道如何区分背景活动和喷发前可能发生的活动，至少在非常时期之前是这样。火山喷发发生前不久。出于这个原因，我们希望利用这个难得的机会来测量一座静止但危险的火山的浅层扰动的变化。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（8）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

From quiescence to unrest: 20 years of satellite geodetic measurements at Santorini volcano, Greece

从平静到动荡：希腊圣托里尼火山 20 年卫星大地测量

DOI：
10.1002/2014jb011540
发表时间：
2015
期刊：
Solid Earth
影响因子：
3.4
作者：
Parks M
通讯作者：
Parks M

Santorini Volcano and its Plumbing System

DOI：
10.2138/gselements.15.3.177
发表时间：
2019-06-01
期刊：
ELEMENTS
影响因子：
4.5
作者：
Druitt, Timothy H.;Pyle, David M.;Mather, Tamsin A.
通讯作者：
Mather, Tamsin A.

Post-eruptive flooding of Santorini caldera and implications for tsunami generation.

DOI：
10.1038/ncomms13332
发表时间：
2016-11-08
期刊：
NATURE COMMUNICATIONS
影响因子：
16.6
作者：
Nomikou, P.;Druitt, T. H.;Hubscher, C.;Mather, T. A.;Paulatto, M.;Kalnins, L. M.;Kelfoun, K.;Papanikolaou, D.;Bejelou, K.;Lampridou, D.;Pyle, D. M.;Carey, S.;Watts, A. B.;Weiss, B.;Parks, M. M.
通讯作者：
Parks, M. M.

Crowd-sourcing structure-from- motion data for terrain modelling in a real-world disaster scenario: A proof of concept

众包运动数据结构，用于现实世界灾难场景中的地形建模：概念验证