iSTAR-C: Dynamical control on the response of Pine Island Glacier

iSTAR-C：松岛冰川响应的动态控制

• 批准号: NE/J005665/1
• 负责人: Robert Bingham
• 金额: $ 6.37万
• 依托单位: University of Aberdeen
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2013
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2013 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FJ005665%2F1
• 关键词: iSTAR; Dynamical; control; response; Pine

It is expected that sea-level rise will impact coastal communities worldwide over the coming decades to centuries. In the UK, the vulnerability of coastal communities and assets is best characterised in terms of the likely frequency of the over-topping of sea-defences. For example, when they were built, the sea-defences for the city of London (including the Thames Barrier) were designed to protect London 1-in-1000 year flooding. A rise of 50 cm in global sea level will reduce this level of protection to 1-100 years, and a rise of 100 cm would reduce it to 1-in-10 years. Pine Island Glacier is one of five glaciers in West Antarctica that are currently contributing sea-level rise at a significant and accelerating rate. The portion of current affected by thinning contains sufficient ice to raise global sea-level by around 25 cm - its neighbours account for another 50 cm. Given the rate of ice-loss and the potential implications for sea-defence planning there is a clear requirement to understand and predict the future of Pine Island Glacier and its neighbours. However, as highlighted by the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (2007) understanding the way that dynamic changes are transmitted through the glaciers draining ice sheets is so poorly understood that the IPCC believed it was the least well understood, and potentially the largest, contribution to sea-level rise in the coming century.ISTAR-C will directly address this lack of knowledge, by seeking to understand the processes that are responsible for transmitting the effect of thinning of the floating ice shelf, upstream such that thinning can now be seen on much of the trunk and tributaries of Pine Island Glacier.ISTAR-C will also use the most up-to-date methods available to measure the properties (rock-type and water-content) of the bed beneath at several locations on Pine Island Glacier to determine their influence on the propagation of thinning. We will test the hypothesis that it is these bed conditions are responsible for the fact that the tributaries of Pine Island Glacier appear to be thinning at different rates, which will give us a much better understanding on which to predict the future magnitudes of ice-thinning rates for the glacier. To achieve these objectives we will collect data from Pine Island Glacier during two field seasons. These will include precise measurement of variations in ice-flow from the ice-shelf up the glacier and into its tributaries. We will image the bed of the glacier using radar and seismic techniques, use satellite to measure the changing configuration of the glacier in areas that cannot be accessed on the ground. We will use the data we have collected to drive and verify a set of computer simulations of the dynamics of Pine Island Glacier. Each of these will test a particular aspect of the glacier flow, and allow us to test our current knowledge and hypotheses against real data. The models that emerge from the exercise will be demonstrably more reliable in simulating past changes on the glacier, and thus have reduced uncertainty in predicting the future evolution of such changes, and the consequential contribution to sea-level rise.Overall, this programme will deliver significant improvements in understanding of how glaciers in general interact with their beds, and very specific lessons about one of the most rapidly-changing and significant glaciers on the planet, Pine Island Glacier.

预计海平面上升将影响未来几十年到几个世纪的全球沿海社区。在英国，沿海社区和资产的脆弱性最佳地说明了海上防御能力过度的频率。例如，当它们建造时，伦敦市的海上防御（包括泰晤士河障碍）旨在保护伦敦1000年的洪水。在全球海平面上的50厘米升高将使这种保护水平降低到1 - 100年，而100厘米的上升将减少至10年。派恩岛冰川（Pine Island Glacier）是南极西部的五个冰川之一，目前正在以显着且加速的速度贡献海平面上升。受稀疏影响的电流的一部分含有足够的冰，将全球海平面提高约25厘米 - 其邻居又占50厘米。鉴于冰损的速度及其对海卫计划的潜在影响，明确要求了解和预测派恩岛冰川及其邻国的未来。然而，正如政府间的气候变化小组（2007）所强调的那样，理解动态变化通过冰川排干冰块传播的方式是如此鲜为人知，以至于IPCC认为这是最不理解的，这可能是最不太理解的，并且潜在地，可能是在下个世纪中对海平面的贡献最大的促进，从而使这一较薄的效果能够直接解决知识，从而使知识的效果直接解决，从而使知识的效果是如此。浮冰架，上游，使得现在可以在Pine Island Glacier.istar-C的大部分树干和支流中看到稀疏。Istar-C还将使用最新的方法来测量奇特岛辉煌的多个位置的床（岩石型和水上）的特性（岩石型和水上），以确定它们对稀疏的传播的影响。我们将检验以下假设：这些床条件是因为Pine Island Glacier的支流似乎以不同的速度变薄，这将使我们更好地理解冰川造成的冰冰率的未来大小。为了实现这些目标，我们将在两个田间季节收集来自派恩岛冰川的数据。这些将包括从冰川上冰川上的冰川变化的精确度量，并进入其支流。我们将使用雷达和地震技术对冰川的床进行映像，并使用卫星在无法在地面上无法访问的区域中测量冰川的变化。我们将使用收集的数据来驱动和验证一组Pine Island冰川动力学的计算机模拟。这些中的每一个都将测试冰川流的特定方面，并使我们能够针对实际数据测试当前的知识和假设。练习中出现的模型在模拟过去的冰川变化方面将更加可靠，因此在预测这种变化的未来演变以及对海平面上升的结果贡献方面减少了不确定性，该计划将在整体上与冰川相互作用，并在其床上相互作用，并在近距离上差异很大，并且在距离上的相互作用是显着的，并且在Glac上的相互作用很大。

项目成果

Diverse landscapes beneath Pine Island Glacier influence ice flow.

• DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01597-y
• 发表时间: 2017-11-20
• 期刊: Nature communications
• 影响因子: 16.6
• 作者: Bingham RG;Vaughan DG;King EC;Davies D;Cornford SL;Smith AM;Arthern RJ;Brisbourne AM;De Rydt J;Graham AGC;Spagnolo M;Marsh OJ;Shean DE
• 通讯作者: Shean DE

High-resolution sub-ice-shelf seafloor records of twentieth century ungrounding and retreat of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica

南极洲西部松岛冰川二十世纪脱底和退缩的高分辨率冰架下海底记录

• DOI: 10.1002/2017jf004311
• 发表时间: 2017
• 期刊: Earth Surface
• 作者: Davies D

Bed conditions of Pine Island Glacier, West Antarctica

• DOI: 10.1002/2016jf004033
• 发表时间: 2017-01-01
• 期刊: JOURNAL OF GEOPHYSICAL RESEARCH-EARTH SURFACE
• 影响因子: 3.9
• 作者: Brisbourne, A. M.;Smith, A. M.;Rosier, S. H. R.
• 通讯作者: Rosier, S. H. R.