ADAPTIVE ATTENDING BEHAVIOR: MENTALLY RETARDED CHILDREN

适应性看护行​​为：弱智儿童

• 批准号: 6151137
• 负责人: SALVATORE A SORACI
• 金额: $ 10.56万
• 依托单位: UNIV OF MASSACHUSETTS MED SCH WORCESTER
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1988
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1988-09-01 至 2000-06-30
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6151137
• 关键词: abnormal psychology; attention; behavioral /social science research tag; child (0-11); child psychology; clinical research; eye movements; form /pattern perception; human subject; mental retardation; mental retardation education /training; motion perception; operant conditionings; problem solving; psychological adaptation; visual perception; visual stimulus

DESCRIPTION: This proposal is for continued support for a program of research that has explored the relationship between visual structure and attentional functioning in mentally retarded and nonretarded individuals. Because basic properties of multi-element stimulus arrays are intrinsically relational and are embedded in ubiquitous environmental contexts, the ability to detect interstimulus relations like similarity/dissimilarity is essential for adaptive attentional functioning. Although children who have low mental ages (both mentally retarded and young nonretarded children) typically exhibit markedly deficient performances on tasks that demand relational responding, the present investigators have demonstrated that appropriate modifications of the visual array, designed to increase the perceptual salience of relevant stimulus relationships, can rapidly facilitate the performances of mentally retarded individuals in such experimental contexts. Informed by the findings obtained concerning the effects of perceptual structure on stimulus detection, the investigators are now proposing to extend their approach to several new paradigms, including (a) an integration of oddity and match-to-sample methodologies, and (b) assessing the visual processing abilities of mentally retarded individuals at the critical preattentional stage. This "front-end" perceptually-based approach of "guiding" attention is based on manipulations that have been used successfully in much prior research, particularly that of the current investigators. The proposed studies involve an examination of a range of experimental contexts that share common perceptual variables (e.g., symmetry and contiguity), and assess the relative contribution of these variables to attentional and preattentional processing in individuals with and without mental retardation. The findings of the proposed studies are expected to inform both applied and theoretical issues with respect to the attentional functioning of individuals with mental retardation. The proposed experiments include an integration of oddity and match-to-sample methods (i. e., oddity-based comparison arrays) with implications for generalized performances and extension of that paradigm to the investigation of set size and spatial contiguity in the matching/oddity framework. In a match-to-sample paradigm, stimulus variables including stimulus structure, symmetry of stimulus pattern, and adjacency of elements will be investigated and an analysis of the relationship between stimulus inspection time and stimulus variables will be conducted. Experiments on visual search are proposed that address stimulus variables of element contiguity and symmetry, and are followed by an investigation of guided search. The remaining experiments proposed utilize random dot kinematograms to evaluate stimulus organization variables in motion-defined forms, as well as the influences of training on detection and motion direction discrimination.

描述：该建议是为了继续支持 探索了视觉结构与 精神智障和未粘贴的个体的注意力功能。 因为多元素刺激阵列的基本特性本质上是 关系，并嵌入到无处不在的环境环境中 检测类似/差异之类的刺激关系的能力是 适应性注意功能至关重要。 虽然有孩子 精神年龄较低（精神智障和年轻的未害怕儿童） 通常在要求的任务上表现出明显缺陷的表现 关系响应，现任调查人员表明 对视觉阵列的适当修改，旨在增加 相关刺激关系的感知显着性，可以迅速 促进在这种情况下的精神智障人士的表演 实验环境。 由有关的调查结果得出的信息 感知结构对刺激检测的影响，研究人员是 现在建议将其方法扩展到几种新范式，包括 （a）奇数和匹配样本方法的整合，以及（b） 评估精神智障人士的视觉处理能力 在关键的术阶段。 这种“前端”基于感知 “指导”注意的方法基于已经 在许多先前的研究中成功使用了，尤其是当前的研究 调查人员。 拟议的研究涉及对一系列范围的检查 具有共同感知变量的实验环境（例如对称性 和连续性），并评估这些变量对 有和没有的个人的注意力和术语 智力低下。 拟议的研究的发现有望 告知有关注意的应用和理论问题 智力低下的人的功能。 拟议的实验包括奇怪的整合和 匹配样本方法（即，基于奇数的比较数组）与 对广义性能的含义和该范式扩展到 对匹配/奇数中的设定大小和空间连续性的调查 框架。 在匹配样本范式中，刺激变量包括 刺激结构，刺激模式的对称性和元素的邻接性 将研究并分析刺激之间的关系 将进行检查时间和刺激变量。 实验 提出了视觉搜索，以解决元素的刺激变量 连续性和对称性，随后进行了指导的调查 搜索。 提出的其余实验利用了随机的点运动图 评估运动定义形式的刺激组织变量 作为训练对检测和运动方向的影响 歧视。