Reverse engineering the genotype-phenotype map for parasite resistance in natural populations of red grouse.

对红松鸡自然种群中寄生虫抗性的基因型-表型图谱进行逆向工程。

基本信息

批准号：
NE/H00775X/1
负责人：
Stuart Piertney
金额：
$ 36.24万
依托单位：
University of Aberdeen
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2010
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2010 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH00775X%2F1
关键词：
Reverse engineering genotype phenotype map

项目摘要

The extent to which individuals are affected by parasites greatly influences their health, fitness, vigour and reproductive success. To try and understand how parasites infection will affect individuals, it is extremely important to identify the genes that influence levels of resistance and the extent to which differences in the DNA sequence of these genes explain the differences in parasite burdens from individual to individual. Armed with this information, one can predict who might be most fit and successful within a group of individuals and what that may mean for the persistence of a population. This study will examine the genetic differences that explain variation in parasite load among red grouse. Grouse are a good example where parasite load has a large effect on fitness, so provides a model system where genetic differences will be pronounced and easy to identify. We will use a procedure called quantitative trait locus (QTL) mapping to identify these genes. QTL mapping looks for similarity in both parasite burden and genetic makeup in a large family tree of grouse. If a particular piece of the genetic makeup is consistently passed own from generation to generation, and this leads to those carriers having a high number of parasites, then this provides a good argument that the gene affecting resistance is physically located quite close to it in the grouse genetic blueprint. It is also now know that the extent to which a gene is switched on can affect levels of parasite load as well as inherent differences in the DNA blueprint of individuals. We will identify regions of DNA that control the extent to which another gene region is switched on using a similar QTL type of analysis. The information on what genes are important in making one individual more resistant than others will be combined with a knowledge of the switches that turn these on, to get a broader picture of the genetic makeup that identifies an individual grouse as being resistant. We will then see the extent to which we can see these differences in fitness operating in different populations. One would predict that if gene X makes individuals more resistant than gene Y then we would expect that gene X will be more common in populations where parasites are at high levels, as the less fit individuals carrying gene Y will have died. We will look for differences in the occurence of different genetic types in populations where there are lots of parasites and populations where parasites are absent. Overall, our work will go a long way to understanding how parasites and their hosts have co-evolved through an arms-race where one side is looking to outwit the other by honing its genetic makeup to be as efficient as possible (in terms of the host) or most capable of evading the immune defences of hosts (in the case of the parasite).

个体受寄生虫影响的程度极大地影响了他们的健康，健身，活力和生殖成功。为了尝试了解寄生虫感染将如何影响个体，确定影响抗药性水平的基因以及这些基因DNA序列的差异的程度非常重要，这解释了寄生虫负担从个体到个体的差异。有了这些信息，人们可以预测谁在一组个人中可能最合适，最成功，这可能对人口的持久性意味着什么。这项研究将研究解释红松鸡之间寄生虫负荷变化的遗传差异。松鸡是一个很好的例子，寄生虫负荷对健身具有很大影响，因此提供了一个模型系统，其中遗传差异将被明显且易于识别。我们将使用称为定量性状基因座（QTL）映射的程序来识别这些基因。 QTL映射寻找寄生虫负担和基因构成的相似性，这是一棵大的松鸡家族树。如果遗传组成的特定部分始终世代相传，这导致那些具有大量寄生虫数量的携带者，那么这提供了一个很好的论点，即影响抗药性的基因物理地位于鸡遗传蓝图中。现在也知道，基因打开的程度可能会影响寄生虫负荷的水平以及个体DNA蓝图的固有差异。我们将确定使用类似的QTL类型的分析来控制另一个基因区域的DNA区域。关于哪些基因使一个人比其他人更具耐药性很重要的信息将与对开关的知识相结合，以更广泛地了解鉴定单个松鸡具有抵抗力的基因组成。然后，我们将看到在不同人群中运作的适应性方面的这些差异的程度。人们会预测，如果基因X使个体比基因y更具耐药性，那么我们希望基因X在寄生虫处于高水平的种群中会更普遍，因为携带基因Y的拟合人数越少。我们将在人群中寻找不同遗传类型的差异，在这些人群中存在许多寄生虫和种群，而寄生虫存在。总体而言，我们的工作将大大了解寄生虫及其宿主如何通过武器竞赛共同发展，其中一方希望通过磨练其遗传构成以尽可能高效（就宿主而言）或最能够逃避宿主的免疫防御能力（在寄生虫的情况下）。