Are tropical uplands regional hotspots for methane and nitrous oxide?

热带高地是甲烷和一氧化二氮的区域热点吗？

基本信息

批准号：
NE/H006583/2
负责人：
Yit Arn Teh
金额：
$ 3.28万
依托单位：
University of Aberdeen
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Research Grant
财政年份：
2013
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2013 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=NE%2FH006583%2F2
关键词：
tropical uplands regional hotspots methane

项目摘要

Tropical ecosystems are major sources of the greenhouse gases (GHGs) methane (CH4) and nitrous oxide (N2O), which are 25 and 298 times more effective than carbon dioxide (CO2), respectively, in trapping long-wave radiation in the atmosphere. Increases in CH4 and N2O concentrations since the start of the Industrial Revolution are responsible for over one-third of global warming, and future changes in the atmospheric budgets of these GHGs have implications for the Earth's climate and environmental conditions. N2O emissions, in particular, are projected to rise in the future due to agricultural expansion and enhanced atmospheric nitrogen deposition. Recent studies of the global budgets of CH4 and N2O using satellite imagery, atmospheric measurements, and modelling suggest that significantly more CH4 and N2O are released from the tropics than previously thought due to unaccounted sources of CH4 and N2O. It is critical for us to identify and characterise these 'missing' sources if we wish to understand the current contribution of the tropics to GHG budgets. Knowledge of these 'missing' sources is also necessary for predicting how tropical GHG emissions are likely to respond to future environmental or climatic change. One strong potential candidate for these 'missing' sources of CH4 and N2O are tropical uplands. Tropical uplands have been conspicuously absent from existing atmospheric budgets, because scientific attention has largely focused on CH4 and N2O emissions from lowland forests, savannas, or wetlands. Studies from tropical uplands suggest that they are potentially large sources of CH4 and N2O, with emissions that are equal to or greater than those from lowland environments. Upland rainforests in Puerto Rico, for example, emit more CH4 than lowland forests, with emission rates that are on par with northern wetlands, the largest natural sources of CH4 worldwide. To address these gaps in knowledge, we will conduct a comprehensive study of CH4 and N2O cycling in the Peruvian Andes, using a mixture of field measurements, controlled environment studies, and mathematical modelling. Specifically, we will: 1. Investigate how CH4 and N2O fluxes vary in space and time along an environmental gradient that spans 3000 m of altitude, from lowland rainforest to upper montane rainforest. 2. Explore how key environmental variables (e.g., plant productivity, climate, soil moisture, carbon and nitrogen availability, oxygen) influence CH4 and N2O emissions. 3. Determine if existing mathematical models are able to simulate CH4 and N2O emissions from tropical ecosystems, adapting these models as necessary to better simulate field observations. 4. Determine if GHG emissions from the Andes are able to account for some of the 'missing' tropical sources of CH4 and N2O by extrapolating our field observations to the regional scale using a combination of mathematical modelling, satellite imagery, and land cover databases (i.e., GIS). The proposed research will greatly advance our understanding of CH4 and N2O emissions for an important but understudied region, and will help us determine the relative contribution of Andean ecosystems to the CH4 and N2O budgets for South America. Knowledge of the emission rates and environmental controls on CH4 and N2O fluxes from upland Andean ecosystems will also help us evaluate whether other tropical uplands are likely to be sources of CH4 and N2O, and assess their potential contributions to the global atmospheric budgets of CH4 and N2O. Lastly, the development and adaptation of mathematical models that accurately simulate tropical CH4 and N2O fluxes will allow us to predict the likely response of tropical uplands to future environmental or climatic change.

热带生态系统是温室气体（GHGS）甲烷（CH4）和一氧化二氮（N2O）的主要来源，分别是二氧化碳（CO2）的25倍和298倍，在大气中捕获长波辐射。自工业革命开始以来，CH4和N2O浓度的增加造成了全球变暖的三分之一以上，并且这些温室气体大气预算的未来变化对地球的气候和环境状况具有影响。尤其是N2O排放，预计将来由于农业扩张和增强的大气氮沉积而增加。使用卫星图像，大气测量和建模对CH4和N2O的全球预算的最新研究表明，从热带地区释放的CH4和N2O明显多于以前认为，由于CH4和N2O的源头未被计算。如果我们希望了解热带地区对温室气体预算的当前贡献，那么对于我们来说，确定和表征这些“缺失”来源至关重要。对于预测热带温室气体排放方式可能如何应对未来的环境或气候变化，对这些“缺失”来源的了解也是必要的。这些“缺失” CH4和N2O来源的强大潜在候选者是热带高地。现有大气预算中明显缺乏热带高地，因为科学的关注主要集中在低地森林，稀树草原或湿地的CH4和N2O排放上。来自热带高地的研究表明，它们可能是CH4和N2O的大量来源，其排放量等于或大于低地环境。例如，波多黎各的高地雨林比低地森林发出更多的CH4，其排放率与北部湿地（CH4）全球最大的自然来源相当。为了解决这些知识的差距，我们将使用现场测量，受控环境研究和数学建模的混合物对秘鲁安第斯山脉中的CH4和N2O循环进行全面研究。具体来说，我们将：1。研究CH4和N2O通量在沿环境梯度沿3000 m高度（从低地雨林到上蒙塔尼雨林上部）的环境梯度上如何变化。 2。探讨关键的环境变量（例如植物生产率，气候，土壤水分，碳和氮的可用性，氧气）如何影响CH4和N2O排放。 3。确定现有的数学模型是否能够模拟热带生态系统的CH4和N2O排放，并根据需要调整这些模型以更好地模拟现场观察。 4.通过将数学建模，卫星图像和土地覆盖数据库（即GIS）的组合（即GIS）组合，通过将我们的现场观察推到区域尺度上（即GIS），确定Andes的温室气体是否能够解释CH4和N2O的某些“缺失”热带。拟议的研究将极大地提高我们对一个重要但正在研究的地区的CH4和N2O排放的理解，并将帮助我们确定Andean生态系统对CH4和N2O预算对南美的相对贡献。了解来自高地安第斯生态系统CH4和N2O通量的排放率和环境控制的知识还将帮助我们评估其他热带高地是否可能是CH4和N2O的来源，并评估其对CH4和N2O全球大气预算的潜在贡献。最后，准确模拟热带CH4和N2O通量的数学模型的开发和适应将使我们能够预测热带高地对未来环境或气候变化的可能反应。

项目成果

期刊论文数量（7）

专著数量（0）

科研奖励数量（0）

会议论文数量（0）

专利数量（0）

The effects of burning and grazing on soil carbon dynamics in managed Peruvian tropical montane grasslands

DOI：
10.5194/bg-14-5633-2017
发表时间：
2017-12
期刊：
Biogeosciences
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
V. Oliver;I. Oliveras;J. Kala;R. Lever;Y. Teh
通讯作者：
V. Oliver;I. Oliveras;J. Kala;R. Lever;Y. Teh

Drivers of atmospheric methane uptake by montane forest soils in the southern Peruvian Andes

秘鲁安第斯山脉南部山地森林土壤吸收大气甲烷的驱动因素

DOI：
10.5194/bg-2016-16
发表时间：
2016
期刊：
影响因子：
0
作者：
Jones S
通讯作者：
Jones S

Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes across an elevation gradient in the tropical Peruvian Andes

DOI：
10.5194/bg-11-2325-2014
发表时间：
2014-04
期刊：
Biogeosciences
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
Y. Teh;T. Diem;S. Jones;L. P. H. Quispe;E. Baggs;N. Morley;M. Richards;Pete Smith;P. Meir
通讯作者：
Y. Teh;T. Diem;S. Jones;L. P. H. Quispe;E. Baggs;N. Morley;M. Richards;Pete Smith;P. Meir

Methane Emissions from a Grassland-Wetland Complex in the Southern Peruvian Andes

秘鲁南部安第斯山脉草原湿地复合体的甲烷排放

DOI：
10.3390/soilsystems3010002
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
Soil Systems
影响因子：
3.5
作者：
Jones S
通讯作者：
Jones S

Complex controls on nitrous oxide flux across a large-elevation gradient in the tropical Peruvian Andes

DOI：
10.5194/bg-14-5077-2017
发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
Biogeosciences
影响因子：
4.9
作者：
T. Diem;N. Morley;Adan J. Q. Ccahuana;Lidia Priscila Hauraca Quispe;E. Baggs;P. Meir;M. Richards;Pete Smith;Y. Teh
通讯作者：
T. Diem;N. Morley;Adan J. Q. Ccahuana;Lidia Priscila Hauraca Quispe;E. Baggs;P. Meir;M. Richards;Pete Smith;Y. Teh