GENERAL SLOWING IN LANGUAGE IMPAIRMENT: DOES IT EXIST?

语言障碍普遍减缓：是否存在？

• 批准号: 6092927
• 负责人: JENNIFER A WINDSOR
• 金额: $ 16.54万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF MINNESOTA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-06-01 至 2003-05-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6092927
• 关键词: academic achievement; child (0-11); clinical research; cognition; human subject; language disorders; neural information processing; perception; performance; psychomotor function

There is a large population of children with language impairments (LI) who are at risk for academic and social failure. While children with LI show most difficulty with grammar, they also show limitations in other aspects of language and show subtle cognitive and perceptual-motor problems. To explain this breadth of difficulties, current research has focused on the idea that children with LI have more limited information-processing capacities than other children of the same chronological age. Because they have more limited capacities, the task performance of children with LI is more vulnerable to competing resource demands. When resources are strained, task performance is impaired. This idea is intuitively appealing because of its possible explanatory power and has received widespread attention. However, it has received little systematic examination. Moreover, the methods used to explore limited processing accounts have not been evaluated critically. The long-term goal is to clarify the processing skills of children with LI. The aim of the proposed project is to test a central hypothesis of limited processing capacity accounts, the generalized slowing hypothesis. In its strongest form, the hypothesis states that children with LI are proportionally slower to complete language, cognitive, and perceptual-motor tasks compared to age-matched children. Regardless of specific task characteristics, the processing speed of children with LI should increase linearly across tasks as a simple multiplicative function of the processing speed of age-matched peers. The hypothesis is tested in three studies that provide converging evidence about the hypothesis and indicate predictors of relative processing speed for children with LI. One hundred children with and without LI participate in 32 experimental tasks that vary task complexity systematically. It is anticipated that generalized slowing will be apparent for children with LI, but that there will be different slowing rates in the language, cognitive, and perceptual-motor domains. Project results will inform theoretical approaches to LI and thus facilitate more effective assessment and intervention strategies for children with LI.

有大量语言障碍的儿童人数很大 （LI）有学术和社会失败的风险。 而李的孩子 在语法上显示最困难，它们在其他方面也显示出局限性 语言并显示出微妙的认知和感知运动问题。 到 解释困难的广度，当前的研究集中在这个想法上 Li的孩子的信息处理能力比 其他年代年龄的其他孩子。 因为他们有更有限的 能力，李儿童的任务表现更容易受到影响 竞争资源需求。 当资源紧张时，任务绩效是 受损。 这个想法具有直觉上的吸引力，因为它可能 解释性能力，并受到广泛关注。 但是，它有 几乎没有系统的检查。 此外，用于探索的方法 有限的处理帐户尚未进行严格评估。 长期 目标是澄清Li儿童的处理能力。 目的 拟议的项目是检验有限处理能力的中心假设 说明，广义放缓的假设。 以最强的形式 假设指出，LI儿童的完成程度较慢 与年龄匹配的语言，认知和感知运动任务 孩子们。 无论特定任务特征如何，处理速度 Li的儿童应在一个简单的任务中线性增加 年龄匹配的同龄人的处理速度的乘法功能。 这 在三项研究中检验了假设，这些研究提供了有关的融合证据 假设和指示相对处理速度的预测指标 李的孩子。 有和没有李的一百个孩子参加32 实验任务系统地改变了任务复杂性。 预计 对于患有李的儿童而言，这种广泛的放缓将是显而易见的，但是 语言，认知和 感知运动域。 项目结果将为理论方法提供信息 李，从而促进更有效的评估和干预策略 适用于李的孩子。