METAPHASE TO ANAPHASE TRANSITION IN MITOSIS AND MEIOSIS

有丝分裂和减数分裂中的中期到后期的转变

• 批准号: 6031291
• 负责人: DIANE CAROL SHAKES
• 金额: $ 10.17万
• 依托单位: COLLEGE OF WILLIAM AND MARY
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-03-01 至 2003-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6031291
• 关键词: Caenorhabditis elegans; cell cycle; chromosome movement; cytogenetics; developmental genetics; egg /ovum; meiosis; sperm; temperature sensitive mutant

DESCRIPTION (adapted from the abstract): Although several of the evolutionary conserved players in the metaphase to anaphase transition have been identified, key questions remain concerning the regulation of anaphase promoting complex (APC), the function of individual APC subunits, and the possibility that APC and its checkpoint regulators also function in meiosis. The long-term goal of this project is to define, in molecular detail, the combination of shared and unique cellular processes which drive and/or regulate the metaphase to anaphase transition during germline mitosis, oocyte meiosis, and spermatocyte meiosis in the nematode, C. elegans. C. elegans is particularly well suited for these studies since mutant defects in mitosis and meiosis can be studied simultaneously within a single animal. The specific aims of this proposal are: 1) to complete the basic molecular and genetic characterization of emb-27, a gene which is required both for germ cells to proliferate, and for oocytes and spermatocytes to complete their meiotic divisions, 2) to initiate studies of other genes required for the metaphase to anaphase transition (MAT) through the analysis of both temperature sensitive mutants as well as embryos in which the expression of selected APC genes been disrupted by RNA mediated interference, and 3) to order the phenotypic defects of emb-27 and other MAT mutants relative to known substages of the metaphase to anaphase transition. These studies are expected to reveal both novel and conserved players in this important cellular process. The conserved proteins will be directly relevant to our understanding of how defects in chromosome segregation lead to cell death, birth defects and/or tumor progression, whereas the non-conserved proteins may identify new targets for treatment of nematode parasitic infections.

描述（改编自摘要）：虽然有几个进化论 中期到后期转变中的保守参与者已被识别， 关于后期促进复合物的调控仍然存在关键问题 (APC)、各个 APC 亚基的功能以及 APC 的可能性 其检查点调节因子也在减数分裂中发挥作用。长期目标是 该项目旨在从分子细节上定义共享和 驱动和/或调节中期到后期的独特细胞过程 生殖系有丝分裂、卵母细胞减数分裂和精母细胞减数分裂过程中的转变 线虫，线虫。线虫特别适合这些 研究，因为可以研究有丝分裂和减数分裂的突变缺陷 同时在单个动物体内。该提案的具体目标是： 1) 完成emb-27的基本分子和遗传表征，a 生殖细胞增殖和卵母细胞增殖所需的基因 精母细胞完成减数分裂，2) 开始研究 中期到后期转变（MAT）所需的其他基因 对温度敏感突变体以及胚胎的分析 选定的 APC 基因的表达被 RNA 介导的干扰破坏， 3) 对 emb-27 和其他 MAT 突变体的表型缺陷进行相对排序 中期到后期转变的已知子阶段。这些研究是 有望揭示这个重要细胞中的新颖和保守的参与者 过程。保守的蛋白质将与我们的理解直接相关 染色体分离缺陷如何导致细胞死亡、出生缺陷 和/或肿瘤进展，而非保守蛋白可能会识别新的 治疗线虫寄生虫感染的目标。