NEUROCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF SOCIAL STATUS IN CRAYFISH

小龙虾社会地位的神经化学相关性

基本信息

批准号：
6232611
负责人：
Robert Huber
金额：
$ 2.72万
依托单位：
BOWLING GREEN STATE UNIVERSITY
依托单位国家：
美国
项目类别：
财政年份：
2000
资助国家：
美国
起止时间：
2000-06-16 至 2001-05-31
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6232611
关键词：
amines behavioral /social science research tag crayfish ecdysone hemolymph hormone regulation /control mechanism neurochemistry neurohormones social dominance social model social status

项目摘要

This proposal aims to extend our behavioral studies of dominance status in crayfish to a search for neurochemical correlates. Hierarchical structures are remarkably similar in social groups ranging from molluscs to humans with individuals embedded in an often linear arrangement of social ranks. Individual characteristics such as size or stamina define the initial states but final ranks are acquired and reinforced through self- structuring processes. Changes in behavior that result from wins or losses play an essential role where winning encourages further success and losses lead to further losses. A behavioral characterization in systems ranging from social insects to children at day-care centers has lead to a new understanding of the fundamental principles that organize the acquisition and defense of social status. The proximate mechanisms of these winner/loser effects, however, are neither well understood nor intuitively obvious. Instances of neurochemical plasticity have been reported in the context of aggressive state, dominance, winning, or social status, but a consistent picture has yet to emerge with regard to the main substances of interest, the sign and magnitude of such effects, or their time course. Crayfish hierarchies, a naturally simple model system, are uniquely suited for such work: status is determined by dyadic and directly observable, stereotyped behaviors; aggressive state and physical superiority are the main determinants of dominance; no coalitions exist; and strong winner and loser effects lead to linear hierarchies via self-structuring. Our current work on the behavioral effects of wins and losses generates detailed behavioral profiles for several hundred individuals, including estimates of initial aggressive state, the types of fighting strategies used, readiness for retreat, and changes in all of these over time as dominance develops. Neurochemical feed-back loops involving amines and steroids are likely candidates for the behavioral re-enforcement mechanisms and determinants of rank. We can now apply our expertise in the analyses of dynamic phenomena to the functioning of neuromodulatory and neurohormonal systems in individuals with known behavior. Specifically, we will evaluate whether changes in behavior are accompanied by shifts in neurochemical function. Our main effort will focus on amines and ecdysteroids in the CNS or hemolymph, and we plan to develop the groundwork for a future R01 focusing on changes in gene expression of key enzymes and receptors. Multiple levels of organization are readily accessible in this model system. It thus offers unique opportunities for exploring the nature of neurochemical changes at a level of analysis that is difficult to achieve in more complex mammalian systems. Results from this work will allow us to refine and focus the search for neurochemical correlates of social status in vertebrates.

该建议旨在将小龙虾中的优势状态的行为研究扩展到寻找神经化学相关性。从软体动物到人类的社会群体，分层结构非常相似，这些人嵌入了经常线性的社会级别安排中。大小或耐力等个体特征定义了初始状态，但通过自我结构过程获得并加强了最终排名。胜利或损失导致的行为变化起着至关重要的作用，赢得赢得进一步的成功和损失会导致进一步的损失。从社会昆虫到日托中心的儿童的系统中的行为表征使人们对组织对社会地位的获取和辩护的基本原则有了新的了解。然而，这些赢家/失败者效应的近端机制既不理解，也不是直觉的。在侵略性状态，主导地位，胜利或社会地位的背景下，已经报告了神经化学可塑性的实例，但是关于感兴趣的主要物质，这种影响的标志和幅度或其时间过程，尚未出现一致的情况。小龙虾层次结构是一种自然简单的模型系统，非常适合此类工作：状态取决于二元，直接可观察的，刻板的行为；侵略性状态和身体优势是主导地位的主要决定因素。不存在联盟；强大的赢家和失败者效应通过自我结构导致线性层次结构。我们目前对胜利和损失行为影响的工作为数百个人产生了详细的行为概况，包括估计最初的侵略性状态，所使用的战略类型，准备撤退的准备以及随着统治地位的发展，所有这些随着时间的变化。涉及胺和类固醇的神经化学饲养环路可能是行为重新执法机制和等级决定因素的候选者。现在，我们可以将我们的专业知识应用于动态现象的分析中，以在具有已知行为的个体中神经调节和神经激素系统的功能。具体而言，我们将评估行为变化是否伴随着神经化学功能的变化。我们的主要努力将重点放在中枢神经系统或血淋巴中的胺和胚肽上，我们计划为未来的R01侧重于关键酶和受体的基因表达变化而开发基础。在此模型系统中，可以很容易地访问多个组织。因此，它为在更复杂的哺乳动物系统中难以实现的分析水平上探索神经化学变化的性质提供了独特的机会。这项工作的结果将使我们能够完善并集中搜索脊椎动物中社会地位的神经化学相关性。