SURVIVAL AND PLASTICITY OF RETINAL GANGLION CELLS AFTER OPTIC INJURY

视神经损伤后视网膜神经节细胞的存活和可塑性

• 批准号: 6107352
• 负责人: ROSA E BLANCO
• 金额: $ 12.07万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF PUERTO RICO MED SCIENCES
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1998
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1998-08-01 至 1999-07-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6107352
• 关键词: Rana; alternatives to animals in research; axon; cell death; cell sorting; dendrites; denervation; electron microscopy; eye injury; fluorescent dye /probe; glia; growth factor; immunocytochemistry; light microscopy; nerve injury; neural plasticity; neurogenesis; optic nerve; optic nerve disorder; retinal ganglion

In humans, disorders of the optic nerve, such as ischemic optic neuropathy and some primary optic nerve tumors, can have combined histopathologic effects on the nerve and the macula, leading to cell death and visual decline. In mammals, injury to axons within the central nervous system leads almost inevitably to the death of the axotomized neurons. Those few which survive are unable to regenerate successfully because of the inhibitory properties of CNS glia. The axons of amphibia do not have to contend with this glial inhibition, they successfully regenerate after injury despite a considerable ganglion cell loss in the retina. This makes the frog optic nerve, which is a particularly considerable ganglion cell loss in the retina. This makes the frog optic nerve, which is a particularly accessible CNS tract, a good model system in which to study the effects that damaging the optic nerve have on ganglion cell death in the retina. The long term goal of this research is to elucidate the factors that determine which of the retinal ganglion cells undergo cell death after axotomy, and to determine if it is possible to rescue some of those ganglion cells from dying. This project aims firstly to quantify the numbers and types of ganglion cells which survive after cutting the optic nerve, both when regeneration proceeds normally or is curtailed. The second aims is to study the ways in which the surviving retinal ganglion cells compensate for the loss of their neighbors by remodeling their dendrites. The third aim will quantify the effects on retinal ganglion cell survival of manipulating the optic nerve stump environment by changing the number and type of glial cells that surround the axons. The fourth aim is to determine if growth factors can increase the number of cells surviving axotony. In the long term this model may prove useful for increasing our knowledge of the basic mechanisms that can rescue nerve cells from death after damage.

在人类中，视神经疾病，例如缺血性视神经病 和一些原发性视神经肿瘤，可以结合组织病理学 对神经和黄斑的影响，导致细胞死亡和视力下降 衰退。 在哺乳动物中，中枢神经系统内的轴突损伤 几乎不可避免地导致轴突神经元的死亡。 那几个 存活下来的人无法成功再生，因为 CNS 神经胶质细胞的抑制特性。 两栖动物的轴突不必 与这种神经胶质细胞抑制作斗争，它们在之后成功再生 尽管视网膜中神经节细胞大量损失，但仍然受到损伤。 这使得 青蛙视神经，这是一个特别重要的神经节细胞 视网膜损失。 这使得青蛙的视神经 特别容易接近的中枢神经系统，是一个很好的研究模型系统 视神经损伤对神经节细胞死亡的影响 视网膜。 这项研究的长期目标是阐明影响因素 确定哪些视网膜神经节细胞在 轴索切断术，并确定是否有可能挽救其中一些 神经节细胞免于死亡。 该项目首先旨在量化 切断视神经后存活的神经节细胞的数量和类型 神经，无论是在再生正常进行还是受到限制时。 这 第二个目标是研究幸存的视网膜神经节 细胞通过重塑它们的邻居来补偿邻居的损失 树突。 第三个目标将量化对视网膜神经节的影响 通过改变视神经残端环境来控制细胞存活 轴突周围神经胶质细胞的数量和类型。 第四个目标 是为了确定生长因子是否可以增加细胞数量 幸存的轴突。 从长远来看，这个模型可能会被证明是有用的 增加我们对拯救神经的基本机制的了解 细胞免受损伤后死亡。