NEURAL AND MUSCULAR CONTROL OF FINGER MOVEMENTS

手指运动的神经和肌肉控制

• 批准号: 6033369
• 负责人: ANDREW J FUGLEVAND
• 金额: $ 11.44万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 2000
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 2000-02-25 至 2004-01-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/6033369
• 关键词: biomechanics; clinical research; electromyography; fingers; human subject; limb movement; motor cortex; neuromuscular function; neuroregulation

DESCRIPTION: (adapted from Investigator's abstract) The ability to move the fingers relatively independently of one another enables human and non-human primates to manipulate diverse objects in the environment and to execute an immense variety of movements and gestures. Lesions of the motor cortex, such as those associated with stroke, give rise to debilitating and persistent deficits in the ability to move fingers individually even though the capacity to flex and extend the fingers together recovers. Accordingly, much scientific attention has been directed toward understanding how motor centers of the brain impart the ability to separately control the fingers. The function of the peripheral motor apparatus, however, has been largely ignored in the interpretation of findings related to the organization of the motor cortex. In particular, the actuators primarily responsible for moving the fingers are single-bellied muscles that give rise distally to multiple tendons that insert onto all the fingers. While the current view is that these multiendoned muscles consist of distinct functional compartments that govern the motion of different digits, the investigators have recently shown that motor unit force in these muscles is not concentrated on a single tendon but is broadly distributed across many tendons. This observation promotes a number of questions about the neural and muscular control of the fingers that are addressed in the specific aims of this proposal. First, what specific factors contribute to the dispersal of motor unit force across multiple tendons in muscles that control the fingers? Second, to what extent is it actually possible to move the fingers independently. And third, what strategies are employed by the nervous system when attempting to move a single finger given the apparent absence of independent actuators of the digits? These questions will be addressed in human subjects using a variety of electrophysiological and biomechanical techniques, including intraneural and intramuscular microstimulation, cross-correlation analysis of spike trains recorded from concurrently active motor units, kinematic analysis, and electromyographic recordings from multiple muscles during the execution of individuated finger movements. The results from these studies will add to our comprehension of how the spinal and muscular systems are coordinated in the elaboration of finger movements and will provide an important framework for understanding how the motor cortex specifies voluntary motion of the hand.

描述：（根据调查员的摘要进行了改编） 手指相对独立于彼此，可以使人类和非人类 灵长类动物操纵环境中的各种物体并执行 各种各样的运动和手势。运动皮层的病变，例如 那些与中风相关的人会导致衰弱和持续的缺陷 即使能力弯曲的能力，也能够单独移动手指 并将手指伸展在一起恢复。因此，科学很多 注意力集中在理解大脑的运动中心 赋予分别控制手指的能力。函数 但是，外围运动设备在很大程度上被忽略了 与运动皮层组织有关的发现的解释。在 特别是，执行器主要负责移动手指 单腹肌肉，从插入的多个肌腱远端产生 在所有手指上。虽然当前的观点是这些多友好的肌肉 由主导不同运动的不同功能隔室组成 数字，调查人员最近表明，其中的运动单位力 肌肉不集中在单个肌腱上，而是大致分布 在许多肌腱中。该观察结果提出了许多有关 针对特定的手指的神经和肌肉控制 该提议的目的。首先，哪些特定因素有助于分散 控制肌肉中多个肌腱的运动单位力 手指？其次，实际上可以在多大程度上移动手指 独立。第三，神经系统采用了哪些策略 试图移动一根手指时显然没有 数字的独立执行器？这些问题将在人类中解决 使用各种电生理和生物力学技术的受试者， 包括肌内和肌内微刺激，互相关 从同时活跃的电动机单元记录的尖峰火车的分析， 运动学分析和来自多个肌肉的肌电记录 在执行个性化的手指运动过程中。这些结果 研究将增加我们对脊柱和肌肉系统如何的理解 在手指运动的阐述中进行协调，并将提供 理解运动皮层如何自愿的重要框架 手的运动。