Children Learning About Second-hand Smoke (CLASS II): A pilot cluster randomised controlled trial

儿童了解二手烟（II 级）：一项试点整群随机对照试验

• 批准号: MR/M020533/1
• 负责人: Kamran Siddiqi
• 金额: $ 19.07万
• 依托单位: University of York
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2015
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2015 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=MR%2FM020533%2F1
• 关键词: Children; Learning; About; Second; hand

Breathing in other people's smoke is called passive smoking; also sometimes referred to as involuntary or second-hand smoking (SHS). Second-hand smoke contains 4000 chemicals, 70 of which can cause cancer. SHS is particularly harmful to children's health and can lead to chest and ear infections, tuberculosis, meningitis and asthma. It is also associated with lung cancer and heart disease. Globally, 40% of children are exposed to SHS. Many countries have introduced bans on smoking in enclosed public spaces, which has significantly reduced adults' exposure to SHS. However, for the majority of children, cars and homes remain the most likely places for them to breathe in SHS. The only possible way to protect children from SHS is to make cars and homes completely smoke free. For the last three years, we have been working with teachers, children and their parents in primary schools in Dhaka, Bangladesh to develop and test an intervention called, 'Smoke Free Homes'. It consists of six teaching lessons delivered by schoolteachers, four fun activities and one educational take home resource. Teaching lessons help to increase pupils' knowledge about the harms caused by breathing in other people's smoke. Fun activities include storytelling, role-playing, quizzes and games. These activities help to motivate children to act and feel confident in talking to adults to persuade them not to smoke inside homes. The take-home resource helps children to show what they have learned in school and to negotiate with their families to "sign-up" to a voluntary contract to make their homes smoke-free. The results of this work show that it is possible to encourage children to discuss with their families ways of restricting smoking inside their homes. Inspired by what we found, we now wish to plan for a large study where we randomly select half of the schools to either have 'Smoke Free Homes' and half not to have it (but to receive it at the end of the study). We wish to examine how effective 'Smoke Free Homes' is in reducing children's exposure to SHS. We are also interested to see if the intervention improves their lung health, general quality of life, school attendance and school performance. We would also like to examine if it helps in changing their attitude towards smoking and makes it less likely for them to take up smoking in future. To provide accurate answers to these important questions, we will need to recruit many schools and possibly thousands of children. We will also need to use objective measurements including testing children's saliva for cotinine - a chemical derivative of nicotine found in those who are exposed to SHS. Other measures will include breathing tests to assess children's lung capacities and volumes, questionnaires and diaries to be kept by children to record their symptoms such as cough, wheeze and scales to measure school performance and attitudes to smoking. Before carrying out this large study, we plan to conduct a pilot study. This pilot study will simulate the large study but will be conducted on a smaller scale. The information obtained from the pilot study will help us to carefully plan for the large study and help us to test our assumptions. These include the number of schools and children to be recruited, feasibility and acceptability of the specified measurements and resource requirement for scaling up the intervention. We are proposing to conduct this pilot study in Dhaka Division, Bangladesh. We will recruit a total of 12 primary schools and 360, year 5 (10-12 years old) children. We will undertake all the measurements as described above using internationally agreed standards and measures. Once measurements have been taken, half of the schools will be randomly chosen to receive 'Smoke Free Homes' while the other half will not receive the intervention until the end. We will repeat the assessments at two, six and twelve months after the intervention. Findings will help us to plan for the large study.

呼吸别人的烟被称为被动吸烟。有时也称为非自愿或二手吸烟（SHS）。二手烟含有4000种化学物质，其中70种可能引起癌症。 SHS对儿童的健康特别有害，可能导致胸部和耳朵感染，结核病，脑膜炎和哮喘。它也与肺癌和心脏病有关。在全球范围内，有40％的儿童暴露于SHS。许多国家都在封闭的公共场所中引入了禁止吸烟的禁令，这大大降低了成年人对SHS的接触。但是，对于大多数儿童而言，汽车和房屋仍然是他们最有可能呼吸的地方。保护儿童免受SH的唯一可能的方法是使汽车和房屋完全无烟。在过去的三年中，我们一直在孟加拉国达卡的小学与老师，孩子及其父母一起开发和测试一种称为“无烟房”的干预措施。它由六个教学课程组成，由学校老师提供，四个有趣的活动和一项教育占有家庭资源。教课程有助于增加学生对其他人烟雾造成的伤害的了解。有趣的活动包括讲故事，角色扮演，测验和游戏。这些活动有助于激励儿童采取行动并有信心与成年人说服他们不要在房屋内抽烟。带回家的资源可帮助孩子们展示他们在学校学到的知识，并与家人进行谈判，以“注册”自愿合同，以使自己的房屋无烟。这项工作的结果表明，可以鼓励孩子与家人讨论限制房屋内吸烟的方法。受我们发现的启发，我们现在希望计划进行一项大型研究，在该研究中，我们随机选择一半的学校拥有“无烟房屋”，而一半的学校不拥有它（但在研究结束时接受它）。我们希望研究“无烟房屋”在减少儿童接触SHS方面的有效性。我们也有兴趣看看干预是否改善了他们的肺部健康，一般的生活质量，上学和学校表现。我们还想检查它是否有助于改变他们对吸烟的态度，并使他们将来吸烟的可能性降低。为了为这些重要问题提供准确的答案，我们将需要招募许多学校甚至数千名儿童。我们还需要使用客观测量值，包括测试儿童唾液中的可替宁 - 在暴露于SHS的人中发现的尼古丁的化学衍生物。其他措施将包括呼吸测试，以评估儿童的肺活量和体积，儿童保留的问卷和日记，以记录其症状，例如咳嗽，喘息和鳞片，以衡量学校表现和对吸烟的态度。在进行这项大型研究之前，我们计划进行一项试点研究。这项试验研究将模拟大型研究，但将以较小的规模进行。从试点研究获得的信息将帮助我们仔细计划大型研究，并帮助我们测试我们的假设。其中包括要招募的学校和儿童的数量，指定测量值的可行性和可接受性以及扩大干预措施的资源要求。我们建议在孟加拉国达卡分部进行这项试点研究。我们将招募总共12所小学和360年，5年级（10-12岁）。我们将使用国际商定的标准和措施进行上述所有测量。一旦进行了测量，一半的学校将被随机选择接受“无烟房屋”，而另一半将在结束之前接受干预。我们将在干预后的两个，六和十二个月后重复评估。调查结果将帮助我们计划大型研究。

项目成果

Secondhand Smoke Exposure in Primary School Children: A Survey in Dhaka, Bangladesh.

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/ntx248
• 发表时间: 2019-03-30
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: Shah S;Kanaan M;Huque R;Sheikh A;Dogar O;Thomson H;Parrott S;Siddiqi K
• 通讯作者: Siddiqi K

Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS II): protocol of a pilot cluster randomised controlled trial.

• DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008749
• 发表时间: 2015-08-25
• 期刊: BMJ open
• 影响因子: 2.9
• 作者: Siddiqi K;Huque R;Jackson C;Parrott S;Dogar O;Shah S;Thomson H;Sheikh A
• 通讯作者: Sheikh A

Smoke-free homes: The final frontier.

• DOI: 10.18332/tpc/142772
• 发表时间: 2021
• 期刊: Tobacco prevention & cessation
• 影响因子: 1.8
• 作者: Huque R;Siddiqi K
• 通讯作者: Siddiqi K

Children Learning About Second-hand Smoke (CLASS II): a mixed methods process evaluation of a school-based intervention

儿童了解二手烟（第二类）：基于学校的干预措施的混合方法过程评估

• DOI: 10.21203/rs.2.24626/v1
• 发表时间: 2020
• 作者: Jackson C

Children Learning About Secondhand Smoke (CLASS II): A Pilot Cluster Randomized Controlled Trial.

• DOI: 10.1093/ntr/nty090
• 发表时间: 2019-04-17
• 期刊: Nicotine & tobacco research : official journal of the Society for Research on Nicotine and Tobacco
• 作者: Siddiqi K;Huque R;Kanaan M;Ahmed F;Ferdous T;Shah S;Jackson C;Parrott S;Ahluwalia JS;Sheikh A
• 通讯作者: Sheikh A