ALCOHOL AND MECHANISMS OF BEHAVIORAL VARIATION

酒精和行为变异的机制

• 批准号: 3109035
• 负责人: LYNN D DEVENPORT
• 金额: $ 10.69万
• 依托单位: UNIVERSITY OF OKLAHOMA
• 依托单位国家: 美国
• 财政年份: 1985
• 资助国家: 美国
• 起止时间: 1985-01-01 至 1987-12-31
• 项目状态: 已结题
• 来源: https://reporter.nih.gov/project-details/3109035
• 关键词: acetylcholine; alcoholic beverage consumption; central nervous system; denervation; drug metabolism; ethanol; hippocampus; memory disorders; neural information processing; neurotransmitters; operant conditionings; parasympathetic nervous system; performance; prosencephalon; psychological adaptation; sequential perception

Mounting evidence suggests that ethanol arrests the expression of behavioral variability. A measure of diversity and unpredictability in normal behavior seems critical for the adjustment to changes in the causal texture of the environment, and its deletion by ethanol may, in man, contribute to the compulsive drinking and stereotyped behavior associated with alcohol abuse and alcoholism. These considerations lend significance to our long term goals of securing ethanol's status as a general, nonspecific agent of invariance whose effect on variability is direct and not secondary to impairment of other behavioral or cognitive processes. If these aims can be realized, and if we come to an understanding of the CNS structures and transmitters involved, this compulsive effect of ethanol might be susceptible to selective pharmacological blockade, or CNS resistance to it might be conferred by environmental or developmental intervention. Barring this, it is not inconceivable to suppose that those at high risk for ethanol stereotypy could be identified in advance by innocuous neurological or pharmacological probes. The goals of the proposed animal studies are threefold and include the display of behavioral variability along the new dimensions of context approach, response duration, response rhythmicity, and spatial dispersion. The extent of suppression of each by ethanol will be carried out in a dose-response design employing a specially modified operant system and a parallel arm maze. Second, two competing interpretations of the variability work are critically evaluated. An impairment in spatial guidance or in working memory could produce a secondary stereotypy. Thus, the issue of direct vs. indirect ethanol effects are addressed in rigorous designs employing radial-arm mazes, a water maze, and parallel maze that are capable of assessing each possibility independently. Finally, our present work encourages us to think that we can more accurately pinpoint the CNS site and neurotransmitter through which ethanol exerts its effect on variability. Selective damage or cholinergic dennervation of forebrain structures is inflicted in an effort to locate circuits that mediate or oppose the expression of the ethanol effects under study.

越来越多的证据表明，乙醇逮捕了 行为差异。 衡量多样性和不可预测性的度量 正常行为对于调整因果的变化似乎至关重要 环境的质地及其删除的乙醇可以在人类中 有助于强迫性饮酒和与陈规定型的行为相关 酗酒和酗酒。 这些注意事项具有重要意义 达到我们确保乙醇作为一般地位的长期目标， 不变的非特异性代理，其对可变性的影响是直接的，并且 不是损害其他行为或认知过程的继发性。 如果 这些目标可以实现，如果我们了解中枢神经系统 涉及的结构和发射器，乙醇的这种强迫效果 可能容易受到选择性药理封锁或中枢神经系统的影响 抵抗它可能由环境或发展赋予 干涉。 除非这一点，否则假设那些 可以提前确定乙醇刻板印象的高风险 无害的神经或药理探针。 目标的目标 拟议的动物研究是三倍，包括行为的表现 沿上下文方法的新维度的可变性，响应 持续时间，响应节奏和空间分散。 程度 乙醇对每种抑制的抑制作用将以剂量反应进行 设计采用特殊修改的操作系统和平行手臂的设计 迷宫。 第二，对可变性工作的两个相互竞争的解释是 进行了批判性评估。 空间指导或工作的损害 记忆可能会产生次要刻板印象。 因此，直接VS的问题 在严格的设计中解决了间接乙醇效应 radial臂迷宫，水迷宫和平行迷宫 独立评估每种可能性。 最后，我们目前的工作 鼓励我们认为我们可以更准确地指出CNS网站 和神经递质通过，乙醇对其对 可变性。 前脑的选择性损害或胆碱能结差 构成结构是为了找到调解或 反对研究的乙醇作用的表达。