Infrastructures of Exclusion: the Politics of Housing, Heritage and Ruination in Jaffa's Urban Borderlands

排斥的基础设施：雅法城市边缘地区的住房、遗产和毁坏的政治

基本信息

批准号：
ES/W007169/1
负责人：
Joel Hart
金额：
$ 11.97万
依托单位：
Queen Mary University of London
依托单位国家：
英国
项目类别：
Fellowship
财政年份：
2021
资助国家：
英国
起止时间：
2021 至无数据
项目状态：
已结题

来源：
https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FW007169%2F1
关键词：
Infrastructures Exclusion Politics Housing Heritage

项目摘要

Many peripheral neighbourhoods in contemporaryTel Aviv-Jaffa are dominated by two forms of urban infrastructure: rows of shikunim, monotonous socialist modernist housing built by the Israeli state in the 1960-70s, and the remnants of bayarat, pre-1948 dwelling forms in which Palestinian bourgeois families and peasant families lived, working together, and sometimes with Jews, to produce a vibrant national citrus industry. Today, the few Palestinians who remained in this area after 1948 live in informal urban settings legally delegitimised by the Tel Aviv Municipality. In areas that were fully depopulated, these buildings have either fallen into ruination or been actively conserved in heritage projects. Populated mostly by an ethno-class of Mizrahim - Jews of Middle Eastern origin - as well as Jewish immigrants from Ethiopia and the Former Soviet Union, Palestinians (in Jaffa), migrant workers (from Philippines, Nigeria and elsewhere), and refugees/asylum seekers (from Eritrea and Sudan), these urban borderlands present a powerful case study for understanding how ethno-national regimes achieve territorial sovereignty and ethno-class hierarchy through urban infrastructures in depopulated urban areas.The research alters the lens through which to explore race, ethnicity, urban space, and the "improvised lives" (Simone 2019) of Israel's marginalised groups. It does this by raising awareness of the borderland spaces in which Palestinians cohabit with marginalised Israeli-Jewish and migrant groups, presenting an innovative understanding of such relations - making them relational to the physical infrastructures and representational neighourhood plans that inform notions of dwelling in dense built space. In doing so, it makes a case for the study of ethnic relations to be grounded in the affects generated by processes of Israeli state transformation of historic Palestinian landscapes.It also interrogates two existing Israeli literatures on cities with mixed Jewish-Palestinian populations. Arguing that nationalism is central to urban spatial dynamics, political geographers have demonstrated how top-down municipal planning procedures produce segregation (Yiftachel 2006, Yiftachel and Ghanem 2004, Tzfadia and Yacobi 2011). Conversely, anthropologists have used ethnographic analysis and a relational sociological lens to illustrate forms of social interaction that break down nationalist binaries in these atypical urban domains (Monterescu 2015, Monterescu and Hazan 2018, Nathanson 2010, 2017). Through an ethnography of Jaffa, a mixed city municipally united with Tel Aviv in 1950, my doctoral intervention demonstrates how state sovereignty is produced infrastructurally through a multiplicity of agents in the city's peripheral borderlands. In doing so, the research makes broader claims about interdisciplinary research on cities - arguing for methodological innovation that brings "top-down" and "bottom-up" perspectives into dialogue. In order to finalise the book manuscript, this project seeks to develop the broader conceptual questions raised by the doctoral research, by moving beyond the initial field site into other configurations of ethnicity, race, and infrastructure/ruins within Tel Aviv-Jaffa. It aims to develop two analytical notions. First, to describe behaviours that inhabitants of a place manifest (e.g. deception, avoidance) when constructing a sense of place that relates urban landscape to Israeli national identity despite marks of a Palestinian past. Second, to describe memory gaps that facilitate challenges to regimes of national placemaking. The project draws attention to the infrastructural politics of forgetting and erasure that mark many contemporary cities - but particularly those governed by ethno-states (comparisons could be found in Istanbul or Delhi). The key innovation is to use ethnographic methodology to illustrate how the infrastructural isn't separate from social life - but in fact moves through and with it.

当代特拉维夫-雅法的许多周边社区以两种形式的城市基础设施为主：一排排的 shikunim，即以色列国家在 1960-70 年代建造的单调的社会主义现代主义住房；以及 bayarat 的残余物，即 1948 年之前巴勒斯坦人的住宅形式。资产阶级家庭和农民家庭一起生活、工作，有时还与犹太人一起生活、工作，创造了充满活力的全国柑橘产业。如今，1948 年之后仍留在该地区的少数巴勒斯坦人生活在被特拉维夫市政府非法合法化的非正式城市环境中。在人口完全稀少的地区，这些建筑物要么已成为废墟，要么在遗产项目中得到积极保护。人口主要由米兹拉希姆族（中东裔犹太人）以及来自埃塞俄比亚和前苏联的犹太移民、巴勒斯坦人（在雅法）、移民工人（来自菲律宾、尼日利亚和其他地方）以及难民/庇护者组成对于寻求者（来自厄立特里亚和苏丹）来说，这些城市边境地区提供了一个强有力的案例研究，有助于理解民族政权如何通过人口稀少的城市地区的城市基础设施实现领土主权和民族阶级等级制度。研究改变了探索以色列边缘群体的种族、民族、城市空间和“即兴生活”（Simone 2019）的视角。它通过提高对巴勒斯坦人与边缘化的以色列犹太人和移民群体同居的边境空间的认识来做到这一点，对这种关系提出创新的理解——使它们与有形基础设施和代表性的邻里计划相关联，这些计划传达了居住在密集建筑中的概念。空间。在此过程中，它为族群关系的研究奠定了以色列国家对巴勒斯坦历史景观的转变过程所产生的影响的基础。它还质疑了以色列现有的两篇关于犹太裔巴勒斯坦人口混合的城市的文献。政治地理学家认为民族主义是城市空间动态的核心，他们已经证明了自上而下的市政规划程序如何产生隔离（Yiftachel 2006，Yiftachel 和 Ghanem 2004，Tzfadia 和 Yacobi 2011）。相反，人类学家使用民族志分析和关系社会学视角来说明社会互动的形式，这些形式打破了这些非典型城市领域的民族主义二元对立（Monterescu 2015，Monterescu 和 Hazan 2018，Nathanson 2010，2017）。通过对雅法（1950 年与特拉维夫合并的混合城市）的民族志研究，我的博士干预展示了国家主权是如何通过城市外围边境地区的众多代理人在基础设施上产生的。在此过程中，该研究对城市跨学科研究提出了更广泛的主张——主张方法创新，将“自上而下”和“自下而上”的观点纳入对话。为了完成本书的手稿，该项目旨在通过超越最初的实地考察，进入特拉维夫-雅法境内的其他种族、种族和基础设施/废墟配置，来发展博士研究提出的更广泛的概念问题。它的目的是发展两种分析概念。首先，描述一个地方的居民在构建一种地方感时表现出的行为（例如欺骗、回避），这种地方感将城市景观与以色列民族认同联系起来，尽管有巴勒斯坦过去的痕迹。其次，描述促进对国家场所营造制度提出挑战的记忆差距。该项目引起了人们对遗忘和抹除的基础设施政治的关注，这是许多当代城市的标志，特别是那些由民族国家统治的城市（可以在伊斯坦布尔或德里找到比较）。关键的创新是使用人种学方法来说明基础设施如何与社会生活分开，而且实际上是贯穿社会生活并与之一起发展的。