Enablers and Obstacles for UK-India Trade: Banks and Diasporas

英国-印度贸易的推动因素和障碍：银行和侨民

• 批准号: ES/T016094/1
• 负责人: Sunil Kumar
• 金额: $ 42.06万
• 依托单位: King's College London
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2021
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2021 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FT016094%2F1
• 关键词: Enablers; Obstacles; UK; India; Trade

India is the UK's most important trading partner within the Commonwealth, accounting for nearly a quarter of Commonwealth imports. Yet as a proportion of either country's total trade, UK-India trade is small. For instance, India accounts for 2% of total UK imports against China at 7%. This three-year project, co-designed with non-academic partner the Federation of Indian Chambers of Commerce and Industry (FICCI), will investigate why this is the case by examining two areas which shape UK-India trade: the role of credit for export-oriented small Indian manufacturing firms, and the role of UK-India diasporic networks in shaping UK-India supply chains and trade.Theme one focuses on credit access for Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs). Small firms constitute 95% of industrial units, account for 40% of total value addition in manufacturing and 35% of exports. Firms' growth is strongly shaped by access to credit, and a key concern is whether SMEs are credit constrained, as reflected in the Reserve Bank of India's priority sector lending targets, but there is little evidence on this topic because most studies in India are based on datasets for larger, mostly listed firms which report audit information. We intend to analyse purpose-collected survey data to study SME credit constraints and the implications for exports.Theme two focuses on how UK-India diasporic links shape trade and supply chains for Indian manufacturers. Despite its size and potential, systematic studies of how the diaspora supports trade and the relationship between it and formal trade policies, are missing. Gaps include how exactly diasporic networks currently facilitate trade, and what types of formal and informal diasporic networks are most significant in aiding trade between the two countries. We aim to understand what type of information is shared as well as most significant in increasing trade between Indian and UK firms. This would include insights into how Indian firms receive information about what, how and with whom to do business. These questions have policy implications because designing supportive policies to strengthen trade between the two depends on understanding how exactly diasporic networks do and can strengthen trade.Data suited to answering both questions do not currently exist, so a major project-objective is to undertake two surveys with Indian manufacturing firms. The first, focused on SMEs, will gather detailed information about their needs and experiences of seeking credit from banks and informal sources. The second will gather information on diasporic networks from firms in the textile and garments sector, spanning small, medium and large firms. This survey will also undertake a small number of qualitative interviews with firm owners to probe the role of diasporic networks in depth.Dissemination and impact are key project planks. Our findings will be of value to academic audiences (trade economists, firm management, scholars of diasporas, global supply chains) and non-academic ones alike (trade and industry-focused civil servants, policy figures responsible for UK-India bilateral trade relations, business and finance media, UK-India bilateral investment). The project will leverage the significant networks of the King's India Institute, King's Business School and FICCI to involve Indian and UK civil servants, bankers, corporate leaders and academics. A select number have agreed to be part of a project advisory group who will shape the project directly. We will share project progress and findings more widely at dissemination events: a workshop in Bangalore in May 2022 and London conference in January 2023. Finally, the project will create significant outputs: publications (5 journal articles and a co-edited volume); two survey datasets that will be made publicly available via the UK Data Service, and a number of policy papers/blogs to be disseminated via a project website, other blogs, newspaper columns and social media.

印度是英国在英联邦内最重要的贸易伙伴，占英联邦进口的近四分之一。然而，英国与印度的贸易在两国贸易总额中所占的比例都很小。例如，印度占英国对中国进口总额的 2%，占英国进口总额的 7%。这个为期三年的项目是与非学术合作伙伴印度工商联合会 (FICCI) 共同设计的，将通过研究塑造英国-印度贸易的两个领域来调查为什么会出现这种情况：信贷的作用出口导向型的印度小型制造企业，以及英印侨民网络在塑造英印供应链和贸易中的作用。主题一侧重于中小企业 (SME) 的信贷准入。小企业占工业单位的 95%，占制造业总增加值的 40%，占出口的 35%。企业的增长在很大程度上受到信贷获取的影响，一个关键问题是中小企业是否受到信贷限制，正如印度储备银行的优先部门贷款目标所反映的那样，但关于这一主题的证据很少，因为印度的大多数研究都是基于报告审计信息的大型企业（大多数为上市公司）的数据集。我们打算分析专门收集的调查数据，以研究中小企业信贷约束及其对出口的影响。主题二重点关注英国与印度的侨民联系如何塑造印度制造商的贸易和供应链。尽管其规模和潜力巨大，但对侨民如何支持贸易以及贸易与正式贸易政策之间关系的系统研究仍然缺失。差距包括目前侨民网络究竟如何促进贸易，以及哪些类型的正式和非正式侨民网络对促进两国之间的贸易最为重要。我们的目标是了解共享哪些类型的信息以及对增加印度和英国公司之间的贸易最重要的信息。这将包括深入了解印度公司如何接收有关开展业务、如何开展业务以及与谁开展业务的信息。这些问题具有政策意义，因为设计支持性政策以加强两国之间的贸易取决于了解侨民网络究竟如何运作以及如何加强贸易。目前不存在适合回答这两个问题的数据，因此一个主要项目目标是进行两项调查与印度制造公司。第一个针对中小企业，将收集有关他们从银行和非正式来源寻求信贷的需求和经验的详细信息。第二个项目将收集纺织和服装行业企业（涵盖小型、中型和大型企业）的侨民网络信息。这项调查还将对公司所有者进行少量定性访谈，以深入探讨侨民网络的作用。传播和影响是项目的关键。我们的研究结果对于学术受众（贸易经济学家、公司管理层、侨民学者、全球供应链）和非学术受众（关注贸易和工业的公务员、负责英印双边贸易关系的政策人物、商业和金融媒体、英国-印度双边投资）。该项目将利用国王印度学院、国王商学院和 FICCI 的重要网络，吸引印度和英国公务员、银行家、企业领导人和学者参与。选定的一些人已同意加入项目咨询小组，该小组将直接制定该项目。我们将在传播活动中更广泛地分享项目进展和发现：2022 年 5 月在班加罗尔举行的研讨会和 2023 年 1 月在伦敦举行的会议。最后，该项目将产生重要的成果：出版物（5 篇期刊文章和共同编辑的卷）；两个调查数据集将通过英国数据服务公开，以及一些政策文件/博客将通过项目网站、其他博客、报纸专栏和社交媒体传播。

项目成果

Servicification and global value chain survival: Firm-level evidence from India

服务化和全球价值链生存：来自印度的企业层面证据

• DOI: http://dx.10.1111/1467-8454.12255
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: Australian Economic Papers
• 影响因子: 1.9
• 作者: Reddy K

Global value chains and firm survivability during the COVID-19 pandemic: digitalization as the moderator?

COVID-19 大流行期间的全球价值链和企业生存能力：数字化作为调节因素？

• DOI: http://dx.10.1080/13504851.2023.2289399
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Applied Economics Letters
• 影响因子: 1.6
• 作者: Gopalan S

Innovative efforts and export market survival: Evidence from an emerging economy

创新努力和出口市场生存：来自新兴经济体的证据

• DOI: 10.1016/j.techfore.2022.122109
• 发表时间: 2023-01-01
• 期刊: Technological Forecasting and Social Change
• 影响因子: 12
• 作者: K. Reddy;Subash Sasidharan
• 通讯作者: Subash Sasidharan

Does servicification of manufacturing increase the GVC activities of firms? Case of India

制造业服务化是否会增加企业的全球价值链活动？

• DOI: http://dx.10.1111/twec.13318
• 发表时间: 2022
• 期刊: The World Economy
• 作者: Reddy K

Gender bias in access to trade credit: Firm-level evidence from emerging markets

获得贸易信贷方面的性别偏见：来自新兴市场的企业层面的证据

• DOI: http://dx.10.1016/j.gfj.2023.100835
• 发表时间: 2023
• 期刊: Global Finance Journal
• 影响因子: 5.2
• 作者: Reddy K