Visions of Policing: How Visual Technologies Shape Police Oversight and Training

警务愿景：视觉技术如何塑造警察监督和培训

• 批准号: ES/X010775/1
• 负责人: Robin Smith
• 金额: $ 53.91万
• 依托单位: CARDIFF UNIVERSITY
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2022
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2022 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX010775%2F1
• 关键词: Visions; Policing; How; Visual; Technologies

New visual technologies including body-worn and cellphone cameras have led to previously unprecedented access to police conduct. Public reaction to the 'new visibility' of use-of-force, crowd control and interrogations has been extremely polarized, and criticism has been directed at police services through video evidence. However, little attention has been paid to how police use visual information themselves to evaluate officer conduct and training. This project fills that gap, conducting a comparative analysis of citizen and police use of visual technology to criticize and inform "reasonable" police conduct. In stage 1, researchers will analyze the reports of police oversight services or criticisms of police conduct by citizens groups, closely attending to how these groups utilize visual technology to support accusations of police misconduct, and how evidence is used by civilian police oversight services to adjudicate those accusations. We will study the types of arguments made with videos of police conduct, and how such arguments are either accepted or rejected through an investigative process. Reports of police misconduct with video evidence will be compared with reports without supporting video evidence to better comprehend how video alters or augments citizens' capacities to complain about the police.In stage 2, we will study how police services use visual technologies (video, immersive trainers, etc) to evaluate and teach "reasonable" officer conduct in use-of-force, crowd control, and interrogation settings. We will conduct participant-observation ethnographies, sitting in on classes at police colleges and interviewing police trainees and trainers on how visual technologies are informing their learning and teaching practices. The information obtained through this research will be compared with information learned in the first stage to better understand how the new visibility of policing is affecting the perception of "reasonable" officer conduct.Findings from these two stages of research will be shared with, and used by, software engineers at Cardiff university to build new video analytic and simulation tools for police oversight and training. We will work with these scholars and practitioners to inform a set of simple tools for annotating and analyzing video for both pedagogic and oversight purposes, and to develop international best practice for using visual technologies in police training and oversight.This research contributes to a broad body of literature on the phenomenology of perception, a conceptual and theoretical analysis of how perception functions in society. We will contribute to theoretical discussions about how perception is achieved between individuals, using police oversight and training as 'perspicuous settings' to explore how disputes over police conduct are argued or agreed upon, furthering our academic understanding of how visual stimuli are transformed into meaningful information.

包括穿戴式摄像头和手机摄像头在内的新视觉技术使人们能够前所未有地了解警察的行为。公众对使用武力、人群控制和审讯的“新可见性”的反应极为两极分化，并通过视频证据针对警察部门提出了批评。然而，很少有人关注警察如何利用视觉信息本身来评估警察的行为和培训。该项目填补了这一空白，对公民和警察使用视觉技术来批评和告知“合理”警察行为进行了比较分析。在第一阶段，研究人员将分析公民团体对警察监督部门的报告或对警察行为的批评，密切关注这些群体如何利用视觉技术来支持对警察不当行为的指控，以及民警监督部门如何使用证据来裁决那些指控。我们将研究通过警察行为视频提出的论点类型，以及如何通过调查过程接受或拒绝这些论点。有视频证据的警察不当行为报告将与没有视频证据的报告进行比较，以更好地理解视频如何改变或增强公民投诉警察的能力。在第二阶段，我们将研究警察部门如何使用视觉技术（视频、沉浸式技术）培训师等）评估和教授警官在使用武力、人群控制和审讯环境中的“合理”行为。我们将进行参与者观察民族志，旁听警察学院的课堂，采访警察学员和培训师，了解视觉技术如何影响他们的学习和教学实践。通过本研究获得的信息将与第一阶段获得的信息进行比较，以更好地了解警务的新可见性如何影响对“合理”警员行为的看法。这两个阶段的研究结果将与警方共享和使用由卡迪夫大学的软件工程师开发新的视频分析和模拟工具，用于警察监督和培训。我们将与这些学者和从业者合作，提供一套简单的工具，用于注释和分析视频，以用于教学和监督目的，并开发在警察培训和监督中使用视觉技术的国际最佳实践。这项研究为广泛的机构做出了贡献关于知觉现象学的文献，对知觉如何在社会中发挥作用的概念和理论分析。我们将致力于关于如何在个体之间实现感知的理论讨论，利用警察监督和培训作为“明显的环境”来探索关于警察行为的争议如何争论或达成一致，进一步加深我们对视觉刺激如何转化为有意义的信息的学术理解。