CANVAS (Children, attitudes, norms, violence, and society): do social meanings of violence affect development of adverse outcomes?

CANVAS（儿童、态度、规范、暴力和社会）：暴力的社会意义是否会影响不良结果的发展？

• 批准号: ES/X008940/1
• 负责人: Karen Devries
• 金额: $ 63.87万
• 依托单位: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
• 依托单位国家: 英国
• 项目类别: Research Grant
• 财政年份: 2023
• 资助国家: 英国
• 起止时间: 2023 至 无数据
• 项目状态: 未结题
• 来源: https://gtr.ukri.org/projects?ref=ES%2FX008940%2F1
• 关键词: CANVAS; Children; attitudes; norms; violence

Are violent acts harmful when they are not perceived as 'violence'? Violence in childhood is a pervasive human rights, health and development challenge. But there is a large international variation in what behavioural acts of violence are considered normal, acceptable and common. There is a large body of evidence showing long-term adverse health, education and other consequences of exposure to childhood violence, but this evidence is overwhelmingly drawn from high-income, lower prevalence settings where acts of violence may be considered less acceptable. There is some cross-cultural evidence that acts of violence may produce fewer adverse behavioural outcomes for children when those acts are perceived to be normative, but existing studies have been hampered by small sample sizes, and critically, have not considered the role of biological embedding of exposure to trauma. Our interdisciplinary team will take advantage of existing data from three ongoing cohort studies in ten countries, and cross-sectional data from 96 countries, to explore how social norms and attitudes towards violent experiences affect the relationships between violence and various health, education, labour and biomarker outcomes. We will 1) conceptualise and explore qualitatively and quantitatively how children define normal, acceptable and common acts of violence in a range of contexts; 2) measure the biological embedding of exposure to 'normative' physical, sexual and emotional violence in childhood; 3) explore individual cognitive appraisals and emotional reactions to experience of 'normative' violence, and whether biological embedding varies according to these; 4) explore how social norms about violence within families and schools affect individual attitudes and violence-outcome relationships, and 5) explore how of social norms in communities, regions and across countries about violence shape family and school norms, individual attitudes and violence-outcome relationships. All of these aims will be underpinned and refined by 6) collaboration with advisory groups of children, adolescents, and global leaders working in the field of violence prevention. These groups will advise on research design, framing, and interpretation of results, and will help us think critically about how to frame our findings so that they impact and influence policy.Our hypothesis is that 'normative' violence does in fact cause harm, even for children who live in contexts where that violence is common and accepted. If we are correct, our findings will underscore the importance of focusing on acts of violence that are routine and commonplace, and can inform the development of prevention interventions and guide investment priorities for policy makers and donors.

当暴力行为不被视为“暴力”时有害吗？童年的暴力是普遍的人权，健康和发展挑战。但是，哪种行为行为被认为是正常，可接受和普遍的，国际上有很大的差异。有大量证据表明长期不利的健康，教育和其他暴露于儿童暴力的后果，但是这些证据是从高收入，较低的患病率环境中得出的，在这种情况下，暴力行为可能被认为是不可接受的。有一些跨文化的证据表明，当被认为是规范性的行为时，暴力行为可能会对儿童产生较少的不利行为结果，但是现有的研究受到小样本量的阻碍，并且在批判性的情况下没有考虑过生物学嵌入创伤性创伤的作用。我们的跨学科团队将利用来自十个国家 /地区的三项正在进行的队列研究的现有数据，以及来自96个国家的横断面数据，探讨社会规范和对暴力经历的社会规范和态度如何影响暴力与各种健康，教育，劳动和生物标志性成果之间的关系。我们将1）在定性和定量上概念化和探索儿童如何在一系列情况下定义正常，可接受和共同的暴力行为； 2）测量童年时期暴露于“规范”的身体，性和情感暴力的生物学嵌入； 3）探索对“规范”暴力经验的个人认知评估和情感反应，以及生物嵌入是否会根据这些变化而有所不同； 4）探索家庭和学校内关于暴力行为的社会规范如何影响个人的态度和暴力结果关系，5）探索社区，地区以及各国的社会规范如何塑造家庭和学校规范，个人态度和暴力结果关系。所有这些目标将由6）与儿童，青少年和在预防暴力领域的全球领导人的咨询小组合作的基础和完善。这些群体将就结果的研究设计，框架和解释提供建议，并将帮助我们对如何构架我们的发现进行批判性思考，以便他们影响和影响政策。我们的假设是，“规范性”暴力实际上会造成伤害，即使对生活在暴力是普遍和接受的环境中的孩子也是如此。如果我们是正确的，我们的发现将强调关注日常且司空见惯的暴力行为的重要性，并可以告知预防干预措施的发展，并指导政策制定者和捐助者的投资优先事项。